Risk factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter case-control study in Brazil

Table 4 Comparative final multiple multinomial logistic model between the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis groups

Characteristics		Final multiple multinomial logistic model1
		CD		UC
		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
State of Brazil	Rio de Janeiro	1.86	1.11-3.07	0.85	0.52-1.37
	São Paulo	2.52	1.48-4.28	1.27	0.75-2.14
	Minas Gerais	2.68	1.56-4.58	1.30	0.75-2.25
	Bahia	0.86	0.51-1.45	0.71	0.43-1.16
	Piauí	0.88	0.54-1.43	0.84	0.53-1.31
	Federal District	1		1
Age at enrollment (yr)	18 - 39	1.73	1.25-2.39	1.09	0.78-1.52
	40 - 80	1		1
Sex	Male	0.76	0.56-1.00	0.59	0.44-0.78
	Female	1		1
Educational level	Elementary school	0.45	0.27-0.73	0.67	0.39-1.12
	High school	0.70	0.45-1.09	0.84	0.52-1.33
	Higher education	1		1
Monthly family income (minimum wages)	Up to 3	1.78	0.54-1.55	1.57	0.45-1.35
	3 to 5	1.21	1.16-2.70	1.14	1.02-2.40
	5 or more	1		1
	Not stated	0.92	0.78-1.86	0.78	0.72-1.77
Living condition	Inadequate	1.15	0.79-1.66	1.48	1.01-2.16
	Adequate	1		1
Cohabitants (n)3	Up to 1	1.09	0.72-1.65	1.24	0.82-1.87
	2 to 3	1.70	1.22-2.35	1.60	1.15-2.21
	4 to 8	1		1
Rural living	No	1.33	0.95-1.86	1.62	1.16-2.25
	Yes	1		1
Consumption of treated water	No	0.72	0.51-0.98	1.53	1.11-2.11
	Yes	1		1
Vaccination	No	3.11	1.82-5.29	2.51	1.49-4.21
	Yes	1		1
Infectious disease2	No	1.99	1.20-3.26	1.37	0.80-2.32
	Yes	1		1
Bowel infection	No	0.56	0.42-0.73	0.67	0.50-0.89
	Yes	1		1
Appendectomy	No	0.63	0.36-1.09	4.79	2.05-11.11
	Yes	1		1
Exposure to tobacco	Never	1.08	0.66-1.76	1.50	0.87-2.57
	Former	1.81	1.06-3.05	3.36	1.91-5.90
	Current	1		1
Familial IBD	No	0.19	0.20 -1.51	0.30	0.14-1.23
	Yes	1		1
	Not stated	0.56	0.10-0.34	0.42	0.16-0.56

¹After excluding the variables that were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) in the multiple model (category of reference = healthy controls).

²Childhood.

³Adulthood. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; OR: Odd ratios.