Ultrasound liver elastography beyond liver fibrosis assessment

Table 1 Congestive heart disease: Liver stiffness cutoffs obtained in clinical studies

Etiology	Ref.	Endpoint	Number of enrolled patients	SWE technique	Number of invalid measurements	Liver stiffness cutoff	Notes
HF	Taniguchi et al[9]	Detecting RAP > 10 mm Hg	89 adults	TE	9 (10.1%)	≥ 10.6 kPa	85% sensitivity; 93% specificity
HF	Taniguchi et al[10]	Risk of death or readmission to hospital	189 adults	TE	18 (9.5%)	≥ 6.9 kPa	HR per 1-kPa increase: 1.13 (1.09-1.17)
HF + “controls”	Demirtas et al[14]	Detecting RAP > 10 mm Hg	60 adults with HF undergoing CRT + 60 adults without HF undergoing PM implantation	pSWE	None	> 7 kPa	89.6% sensitivity; 87.5% specificity
Acute HF	Saito et al[11]	Risk of death or readmission to hospital	154 adults (excluded: n = 49)	TE	10 (among excluded patients)	≥ 8.8 kPa	HR: 2.71 (1.43-5.43)
Acute HF	Soloveva et al[12]	Risk of one-year all-cause death or readmission to hospital	172 adults (outcome data: n = 145)	TE	16 (9.3%)	> 13 kPa on admission and > 5 kPa at discharge	HR per 1 kPa increase: 1.03 (1.00-1.06)
HF in patients requiring a left ventricular assist device	Nishi et al[19]	Incidence of major adverse events	30 adults	TE	None	> 12.5 kPa	AUC: 0.82
Congenital heart diseases	Jalal et al[20]	Detecting CVP > 10 mmHg	60 children + 36 adults	TE	None	> 8.8 kPa	92% sensitivity; 96% specificity

HF: Heart failure; TE: Transient elastography; RAP: Right atrial pressure; HR: Hazard ratio; pSWE: Point shear wave elastography; CRT: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; PM: Pacemaker; AUC: Area under the curve; CVP: Central venous pressure.