Optimal proximal resection margin distance for gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer

Table 2 Clinicopathologic factors depending on the distance from the proximal resection margin in patients who underwent curative distal gastrectomy, n (%)

Variables	PRM (cm)						P value
	≤ 1.0 (n = 17)	1.1-3.0 (n = 170)		3.1-5.0 (n = 287)	> 5.0 (n = 385)
Age (yr)1 at operation	59.7 ± 3.4	57.2 ± 1.0		58.2 ± 0.7	59.0 ± 0.6		0.416
Sex							0.279
Male	9 (52.9)		116 (68.2)	199 (69.3)		279 (72.5)
Female	8 (47.1)		54 (31.8)	88 (30.7)		106 (27.5)
Tumor location							< 0.001
Upper 1/3	1 (5.9)		3 (1.8)	3 (1.0)		1 (0.3)
Middle 1/3	9 (52.9)		74 (43.5)	86 (30.0)		56 (14.5)
Lower 1/3	7 (41.2)		93 (54.7)	198 (69.0)		328 (85.2)
Reconstruction							0.004
Billroth I	12 (70.6)		101 (59.4)	218 (76.0)		279 (72.5)
Billroth II	3 (17.6)		32 (18.8)	38 (13.2)		64 (16.6)
RYGJ	2 (11.8)		37 (21.8)	31 (10.8)		42 (10.9)
Borrmann type IV	1 (5.9)		6 (3.5)	7 (2.4)		9 (2.3)	0.461
Tumor size (cm)1	6.5 ± 0.8		5.8 ± 0.2	5.3 ± 0.1		5.2 ± 0.1	0.004
T stage							0.768
T2	5 (29.4)		56 (32.9)	89 (31.0)		138 (35.8)
T3	7 (41.2)		75 (44.1)	123 (42.9)		165 (42.9)
T4	5 (29.4)		39 (22.9)	75 (26.1)		82 (21.3)
CLN1	26.6 ± 2.0		29.3 ± 0.8	29.4 ± 0.6		28.8 ± 0.5	0.612
N stage							0.971
N0	5 (29.4)		61 (35.9)	101 (35.2)		141 (36.6)
N1	2 (11.8)		36 (21.2)	63 (22.0)		80 (20.8)
N2	4 (23.5)		36 (21.2)	55 (19.2)		78 (20.3)
N3	6 (35.3)		37 (21.8)	68 (23.7)		86 (22.3)
AJCC stage							0.551
Stage I	4 (23.5)		31 (18.2)	52 (18.1)		68 (17.7)
Stage II	3 (17.6)		65 (38.2)	108 (37.6)		160 (41.6)
Stage III	10 (58.8)		74 (43.5)	127 (44.3)		157 (40.8)
Differentiation							0.023
Differentiated	4 (23.5)		64 (37.6)	105 (36.6)		178 (46.2)
Undifferentiated	13 (76.5)		106 (62.4)	182 (63.4)		207 (53.8)
LVi	8 (47.1)		75 (44.1)	142 (49.5)		188 (48.8)	0.706
PNi	9 (52.9)		80 (47.1)	138 (48.1)		141 (36.6)	0.010
Recurrence	4 (23.5)		52 (30.6)	69 (24.0)		95 (24.7)	0.765
Local recurrence	1 (5.9)		11 (6.5)	24 (8.4)		24 (6.2)	0.727

¹mean ± standard error. PRM: Proximal resection margin; RYGJ: Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy; CLN: Total number of collected lymph nodes; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; LVi: Lymphovascular invasion; PNi: Perineural invasion.