Prediction of different stages of rectal cancer: Texture analysis based on diffusion-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient maps

Table 3 Comparison of extracted features between T1-2 and T3-4 stage groups of rectal cancers

Method	Features	T1-2 (n = 31)	T3-4 (n = 84)	P value
DWIb=0	Dissimilarity	0.015 ± 0.008	0.018 ± 0.013	0.0172
	Sum average	2.068 ± 0.043	2.095 ± 0.067	0.0181
	Difference variance	0.140 ± 0.085	0.161 ± 0.192	0.1352
	Information correlation	0.185 ± 0.058	0.215 ± 0.067	0.0162
	Gray level nonuniformity	1.411 ± 0.351	1.730 ± 0.811	0.0191
	Run percentage	0.075 ± 0.012	0.083 ± 0.023	0.0092
	Long run low gray level emphasis	4.971 ± 4.897	5.840 ± 4.678	0.3162
	Run-length nonuniformity	3.266 ± 0.356	3.107 ± 0.445	0.0301
	SymletL	7.815 ± 1.568	8.295 ± 1.153	0.3672
	SymletH	0.627 ± 0.4011	0.516 ± 0.318	0.2211
	SymletV	0.335 ± 0.460	0.359 ± 0.298	0.8162
	SymletD	0.162 ± 0.158	0.177 ± 0.114	0.3712
DWIb=1000	Dissimilarity	0.018 ± 0.006	0.021 ± 0.018	0.0602
	Sum average	2.098 ± 0.058	2.122 ± 0.076	0.1211
	Difference variance	0.176 ± 0.105	0.198 ± 0.257	0.3482
	Information correlation	0.194 ± 0.041	0.217 ± 0.058	0.0531
	Gray level nonuniformity	1.443 ± 0.370	1.773 ± 0.815	0.0211
	Run percentage	0.075 ± 0.014	0.083 ± 0.023	0.0092
	Long run low gray level emphasis	8.801 ± 5.347	8.646 ± 7.836	0.9802
	Run-length nonuniformity	3.239 ± 0.371	3.084 ± 0.461	0.0361
	SymletL	8.461 ± 1.329	8.749 ± 0.984	0.9352
	SymletH	0.318 ± 0.387	0.336 ± 0.261	0.6962
	SymletV	0.293 ± 0.371	0.316 ± 0.249	0.5012
	SymletD	0.099 ± 0.124	0.118 ± 0.113	0.1372
ADC maps	ADCmin	0.328 ± 0.385	0.262 ± 0.367	0.7452
	ADCmax	2.513 ± 0.855	2.704 ± 0.885	0.2981
	ADCmean	1.099 ± 0.471	1.063 ± 0.521	0.7401
	Dissimilarity	0.062 ± 0.008	0.021 ± 0.011	0.0202
	Sum average	2.049 ± 0.038	2.063 ± 0.061	0.1712
	Difference variance	0.170 ± 0.122	0.218 ± 0.135	0.1372
	Information correlation	0.181 ± 0.041	0.199 ± 0.052	0.0551
	Gray level nonuniformity	1.367 ± 0.334	1.675 ± 0.739	0.0141
	Run percentage	0.073 ± 0.011	0.082 ± 0.021	0.0122
	Long run low gray level emphasis	4.006 ± 4.016	4.558 ± 4.364	0.8602
	Run-length nonuniformity	3.309 ± 0.498	3.168 ± 4.328	0.0681
	SymletL	6.789 ± 1.253	6.607 ± 1.435	0.5251
	SymletH	0.443 ± 0.187	0.530 ± 0.261	0.7911
	SymletV	0.473 ± 0.358	0.572 ± 0.350	0.1992
	SymletD	0.313 ± 0.224	0.301 ± 0.166	0.9051

¹Independent samples t-test, data are means ± SD.

²Mann-Whitney U test, data are medians ± interquartile range. DWI: Diffusion-weighted imaging; ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient.