Blood-based biomarkers for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 5 Diagnostic performance of cytokines in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Cytokine	Ref.	Year of publication	ESCC, n	Controls, n	All stages/early stage			P value	Detection method
					Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC
VEGF-A	Kozłowski et al[139]	2013	89	30	83.0/-	70.0/-	0.865/-	< 0.001	ELISA
	Krzystek-Korpacka et al[140]	2008	70	42	72.5/-	66.0/-	0.739/-	< 0.001	ELISA
	Krzystek-Korpacka et al[141]	2007	70	47	70.0/-	81.0/-	0.837/-	< 0.001	ELISA
	Ren et al[142]	2005	72	15				< 0.001	ELISA
	Shimada et al[143]	2001	96	24	79.0/-	48.0/-		0.001	ELISA
VEGF-C	Kozlowski et al[144]	2010	110	30	60.0/-	80.0/-		< 0.001	ELISA
	Krzystek-Korpacka et al[140]	2008	70	42	78.6/-	76.6/-	0.841/-	< 0.001	ELISA
IL-8	Tong et al[145]	2018	10	10				< 0.05	ELISA
	Krzystek-Korpacka et al[140]	2008	70	42	77.1/-	74.4/-	0.782/-	< 0.001	ELISA
	Ren et al[146]	2005	149	35				< 0.001	ELISA
	Ren et al[142]	2005	72	15				< 0.001	ELISA
IL-6	Tong et al[145]	2018	10	10				< 0.05	ELISA
	Łukaszewicz-Zając et al[147]	2011	30	90	87.0/-	92.0/-	0.924/-	< 0.001	ELISA

ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; AUC: Area under the curve; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; VEGF-C: Vascular endothelial growth factor C; IL-8: Interleukin-8; IL-6: Interleukin-6.