Blood-based biomarkers for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Technologies for detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Technology	Quantitative	Qualitative	Advantages	Disadvantage	Ref.
Endoscopy	-	+	(1) Obvious observation of esophageal mucosal changes, lesion changes, and lesion size and morphology; and (2) Low false negative rate and false positive rate	(1) Invasiveness; (2) Easy to cause complications such as sore throat after examination; and (3) High cost	[15,16]
Blood-based biomarker	+	+	(1) Non-invasive; (2) Easy to operate; (3) Low cost; (4) Suitable as a screening tool; and (5) Identification of asymptomatic patients at risk	High false Negative rate and false positive rate	[16-18]