Lifestyle factors and long-term survival of gastric cancer patients: A large bidirectional cohort study from China

Table 2 Multivariate survival analysis

Prognostic factors	Total (n = 18322)1				No surgery (n = 3142)2				Gastrectomy (n = 15180)3				Only curative gastrectomy (n = 13695)4
	HR	95%CI		P value	HR	95%CI		P value	HR	95%CI		P value	HR	95%CI		P value
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Gender
Male	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
Female	1.05	1.00	1.11	0.06	1.07	0.97	1.19	0.19	1.05	0.99	1.11	0.13	1.04	0.97	1.11	0.25
Age at diagnosis (yr)
Younger (≤ 35)	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
Middle-aged (36-65)	1.07	0.95	1.19	0.26	0.94	0.76	1.15	0.54	1.14	0.99	1.30	0.06	1.15	1.00	1.33	0.05
Older (≥ 66)	1.10	0.98	1.23	0.12	0.89	0.72	1.11	0.30	1.20	1.05	1.38	0.01	1.21	1.05	1.40	0.01
BMI (kg/m2) at diagnosis
< 18.5	1.00	0.92	1.09	0.99	1.01	0.87	1.18	0.90	1.00	0.90	1.10	0.93	1.02	0.92	1.14	0.72
18.5-22.9	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
23-27.4	0.97	0.93	1.02	0.22	0.92	0.84	1.02	0.11	0.99	0.94	1.05	0.73	0.99	0.94	1.05	0.74
≥ 27.5	0.99	0.92	1.06	0.72	0.95	0.82	1.10	0.48	1.01	0.93	1.10	0.85	1.02	0.93	1.11	0.74
Weight loss as % of usual weight
None	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
0-10	1.14	1.07	1.20	< 0.001	1.16	1.04	1.30	0.01	1.13	1.05	1.20	0	1.11	1.04	1.19	0
≥ 10	1.24	1.15	1.34	< 0.001	1.22	1.06	1.40	0.01	1.25	1.14	1.38	< 0.001	1.22	1.10	1.34	0
Smoking status
Never smokers	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
Current smokers	1.02	0.94	1.10	0.66	1.05	0.89	1.23	0.57	1.01	0.92	1.11	0.78	1.03	0.93	1.14	0.58
Ex-smokers	0.93	0.84	1.03	0.17	0.95	0.76	1.19	0.66	0.93	0.82	1.04	0.20	0.91	0.81	1.03	0.15
Time since quitting smoking
Short-term (1–9 yr)	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
Long-term (≥ 10 yr)	1.04	0.91	1.19	0.55	1.02	0.78	1.34	0.87	1.05	0.90	1.22	0.51	1.07	0.91	1.25	0.42
No. of cigarettes (per day)
≤ 20 (1 pack)	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
21-39	1.07	0.93	1.22	0.36	1.29	1.00	1.66	0.05	0.98	0.84	1.16	0.84	0.99	0.83	1.17	0.87
≥ 40 (≥ 2 packs)	1.03	0.92	1.16	0.59	0.91	0.72	1.15	0.43	1.09	0.95	1.24	0.22	1.08	0.94	1.24	0.30
Duration of smoking (yr)
1-29	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
≥ 30	1.08	1.00	1.16	0.05	0.94	0.81	1.09	0.40	1.14	1.04	1.24	0	1.13	1.04	1.24	0.01
Alcohol consumption
Never drinkers	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
Current drinkers	0.82	0.58	1.18	0.29	1.54	0.71	3.37	0.28	0.75	0.50	1.12	0.16	0.88	0.59	1.32	0.54
Ex-drinkers	0.86	0.59	1.24	0.42	1.33	0.63	2.80	0.46	0.75	0.49	1.16	0.19	0.86	0.56	1.32	0.48
Amount of alcohol consumption
Light drinkers (< 15.6 g/d)	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
Moderate drinkers (≥ 15.6 g/d to < 53.5 g/d)	1.25	0.86	1.81	0.25	0.97	0.45	2.13	0.95	1.27	0.83	1.94	0.28	1.07	0.70	1.64	0.75
Heavy drinkers (≥ 53.5 g/d)	1.25	0.88	1.79	0.21	0.78	0.37	1.66	0.52	1.37	0.91	2.06	0.13	1.15	0.77	1.73	0.50
pTNM
I	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
II	1.48	1.33	1.66	< 0.001	3.65	0.45	29.50	0.23	1.48	1.32	1.65	< 0.001	1.38	1.23	1.56	< 0.001
III	2.31	2.12	2.52	< 0.001	4.07	0.56	29.79	0.17	2.29	2.10	2.49	< 0.001	2.19	2.00	2.39	< 0.001
IV	3.19	2.86	3.55	< 0.001	4.41	0.62	31.18	0.14	3.42	3.04	3.86	< 0.001	3.16	2.79	3.58	< 0.001
Type of gastrectomy
Gastrectomy	1.00				-				-				-
No surgery	1.51	1.40	1.63	< 0.001	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

¹Adjust for gender, age, pTNM stage, adjuvant therapies, gastrectomy.

²Adjust for gender, age, pTNM stage.

³Adjust for gender, age, pTNM stage, adjuvant therapies.

⁴Adjust for gender, age, pTNM stage, adjuvant therapies.