Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2020; 26(14): 1613-1627
Published online Apr 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1613
Published online Apr 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1613
Table 1 Comparison of 18441 gastric cancer patients' characteristics
| Characteristics, n (%) | No. of Patients | BMI at diagnosis | P value | Drinkers | P value | Smokers | P value | |||||||
| < 18.5 | 18.5-22.9 | 23-27.4 | ≥ 27.5 | Never | Yes | Never | Yes | |||||||
| Ex-drinkers | Current-drinkers | Ex-smokers | Current-smokers | |||||||||||
| No. of patients | 18441 (100) | 1193 (6.5) | 6872 (37.3) | 7310 (39.6) | 2196 (11.9) | - | 11578 (62.8) | 922 (5.0) | 5202 (28.2) | - | 10244 (55.6) | 2315 (12.6) | 5156 (28.0) | - |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 13533 (73.4) | 758 (63.5) | 4893 (71.2) | 5682 (77.7) | 1667 (75.9) | 6992 (62.0) | 874 (95.8) | 4948 (96.6) | 5903 (57.6) | 2220 (95.5) | 4974 (96.5) | |||
| Female | 4819 (26.1) | 435 (36.5) | 1979 (28.8) | 1628 (22.3) | 529 (24.1) | < 0.001 | 4286 (28.0) | 38 (4.2) | 174 (3.4) | < 0.001 | 4341 (42.4) | 95 (4.1) | 182 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis (yr) | ||||||||||||||
| mean (SD) | 58.5 | 56.7 | 58.2 | 59.0 | 58.5 | < 0.001 | 58.6 | 60.1 | 58.2 | < 0.001 | 58.0 | 62.1 | 58.1 | < 0.001 |
| Younger (≤ 35) | 653 (3.5) | 127 (10.7) | 289 (4.2) | 152 (2.1) | 61 (2.8) | 530 (4.6) | 13 (1.4) | 91 (1.8) | 520 (5.1) | 22 (1.0) | 93 (1.8) | |||
| Middle-aged (36-65) | 12119 (65.7) | 682 (57.2) | 4604 (67.0) | 5063 (69.3) | 1524 (69.4) | 7373 (63.7) | 657 (71.3) | 3887 (74.7) | 6640 (64.8) | 1415 (61.1) | 3872 (75.1) | |||
| Older (≥ 66) | 5235 (28.4) | 383 (32.1) | 1976 (28.8) | 2090 (28.6) | 609 (27.7) | < 0.001 | 3667 (31.7) | 252 (27.3) | 1220 (23.5) | < 0.001 | 3077 (30.0) | 877 (37.9) | 1188 (23.0) | < 0.001 |
| Weight loss as % of usual weight | ||||||||||||||
| None | 2858 (15.5) | 164 (13.8) | 821 (12.0) | 813 (11.1) | 276 (12.6) | 1629 (14.1) | 53 (5.8) | 642 (12.3) | 1437 (14.0) | 261 (11.3) | 625 (12.1) | |||
| 0-10 | 13814 (74.9) | 766 (64.2) | 5217 (75.9) | 5964 (81.6) | 1798 (81.9) | 8830 (76.3) | 766 (83.1) | 4030 (77.5) | 7825 (76.4) | 1835 (79.3) | 3980 (77.2) | |||
| ≥ 10 | 1769 (9.6) | 263 (22.1) | 834 (12.1) | 533 (7.3) | 122 (5.6) | < 0.001 | 1119 (9.7) | 103 (11.2) | 530 (10.2) | < 0.001 | 982 (9.6) | 219 (9.5) | 551 (10.7) | 0.0001 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||
| Never smokers | 10244 (55.6) | 737 (61.8) | 3895 (56.7) | 4084 (55.9) | 1252 (57.0) | 9.081 (78.4) | 124 (13.5) | 1037 (19.9) | - | - | - | |||
| Smokers | 7471 (40.5) | 435 (36.5) | 2875 (41.8) | 3128 (42.8) | 922 (42.0) | 0.002 | 2488 (21.5) | 795 (86.2) | 4159 (80.0) | < 0.001 | - | - | - | - |
| Current smokers | 5156 (28.0) | 339 (28.4) | 2076 (30.2) | 2059 (28.2) | 604 (27.5) | 1733 (15.0) | 250 (27.1) | 3158 (60.7) | - | - | - | |||
| Ex-smokers | 2315 (12.6) | 96 (8.1) | 799 (11.6) | 1069 (14.6) | 318 (14.5) | < 0.001 | 755 (6.5) | 545 (59.1) | 1001 (19.2) | < 0.001 | - | - | - | - |
| Time since quitting smoking | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term (1-9 yr) | 1505 (8.2) | 75 (6.3) | 535 (7.8) | 678 (9.3) | 197 (9.0) | 474 (4.1) | 422 (45.8) | 597 (11.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1505 (65.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Long-term (≥ 10 yr) | 810 (4.4) | 21 (1.8) | 264 (3.8) | 391 (5.4) | 121 (5.5) | < 0.001 | 281 (2.4) | 123 (13.3) | 404 (7.8) | < 0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 810 (35.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| No. of cigarettes (per day) | ||||||||||||||
| ≤ 20 (1 pack) | 5568 (30.2) | 338 (28.3) | 2190 (31.9) | 2318 (31.7) | 642 (29.2) | 1919 (16.6) | 602 (65.3) | 3030 (58.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1770 (76.5) | 3798 (73.7) | |||
| 21-39 | 457 (2.5) | 22 (1.8) | 164 (2.4) | 198 (2.7) | 62 (2.8) | 144 (1.2) | 36 (3.9) | 276 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 115 (5.0) | 342 (6.6) | |||
| ≥ 40 (≥ 2 packs) | 708 (3.8) | 32 (2.7) | 250 (3.6) | 302 (4.1) | 113 (5.2) | < 0.001 | 228 (2.0) | 76 (8.2) | 400 (7.7) | < 0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 208 (9.0) | 500 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Duration of smoking (yr) | ||||||||||||||
| 1-29 | 2805 (15.2) | 131 (11.0) | 999 (14.5) | 1258 (17.2) | 383 (17.4) | 927 (8.0) | 372 (40.4) | 1497 (28.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1230 (53.1) | 1575 (30.6) | |||
| ≥ 30 | 4037 (21.9) | 267 (22.4) | 1652 (24.0) | 1604 (21.9) | 449 (20.5) | < 0.001 | 1411 (12.2) | 359 (38.9) | 2252 (43.3) | < 0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 940 (40.6) | 3097 (60.1) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||
| Never drinkers | 11578 (62.8) | 862 (72.3) | 4520 (65.8) | 4549 (62.2) | 1347 (61.3) | - | - | - | 9081 (88.7) | 755 (32.6) | 1733 (33.6) | |||
| Drinkers | 6124 (33.2) | 311 (26.1) | 2247 (32.7) | 2655 (36.3) | 821 (37.4) | < 0.001 | - | - | - | - | 1161 (11.3) | 1546 (66.8) | 3408 (66.1) | < 0.001 |
| Current drinkers | 5202 (28.2) | 272 (22.8) | 1909 (27.8) | 2249 (30.8) | 692 (31.5) | - | - | - | 1037 (10.1) | 1001 (43.2) | 3158 (61.3) | |||
| Ex-drinkers | 922 (5.0) | 39 (3.3) | 338 (4.9) | 406 (5.6) | 129 (5.9) | < 0.001 | - | - | - | - | 124 (1.2) | 545 (23.5) | 250 (4.9) | < 0.001 |
| Amount of alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||
| Light drinkers (< 15.6 g/d) | 102 (0.6) | 3 (0.3) | 40 (0.6) | 48 (0.7) | 11 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (1.6) | 87 (1.7) | 15 (0.2) | 42 (1.8) | 45 (0.9) | |||
| Moderate drinkers (≥ 15.6 g/d to < 53.5 g/d) | 660 (3.6) | 30 (2.5) | 246 (3.6) | 311 (4.3) | 62 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 77 (8.4) | 583 (11.2) | 127 (1.2) | 201 (8.7) | 329 (6.4) | |||
| Heavy drinkers (≥ 53.5 g/d) | 3480 (18.9) | 167 (14.0) | 1277 (18.6) | 1488 (20.4) | 501 (22.8) | < 0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 593 (64.3) | 2887 (55.5) | < 0.001 | 620 (6.1) | 894 (38.6) | 1962 (38.1) | < 0.001 |
| H. pylori | ||||||||||||||
| No | 1506 (8.2) | 67 (5.6) | 561 (8.2) | 668 (9.1) | 193 (8.8) | 837 (7.2) | 152 (16.5) | 489 (9.4) | 734 (7.2) | 272 (11.8) | 474 (9.2) | |||
| Yes | 1167 (6.3) | 56 (4.7) | 457 (6.7) | 503 (6.9) | 134 (6.1) | < 0.001 | 692 (6.0) | 74 (8.0) | 386 (7.4) | < 0.001 | 590 (5.8) | 169 (7.3) | 393 (7.6) | < 0.001 |
| Histologic type | ||||||||||||||
| Well | 351 (1.9) | 27 (2.3) | 107 (1.6) | 165 (2.3) | 48 (2.2) | 214 (1.9) | 24 (2.6) | 107 (2.1) | 185 (1.8) | 45 (1.9) | 115 (2.2) | |||
| Moderately | 5514 (29.9) | 257 (21.5) | 2004 (29.2) | 2390 (32.7) | 758 (34.5) | 2300 (28.5) | 288 (31.2) | 1829 (36.2) | 2789 (27.2) | 844 (36.5) | 1787 (34.7) | |||
| Poorly | 5824 (31.6) | 374 (31.4) | 2236 (32.5) | 2398 (32.8) | 730 (33.2) | 3922 (33.9) | 233 (25.3) | 1567 (30.1) | 3643 (35.6) | 612 (26.4) | 1475 (28.6) | |||
| Undifferentiated, anaplastic | 3 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 3 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| pathologicT | ||||||||||||||
| p0 | 61 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 22 (0.3) | 27 (0.4) | 10 (0.5) | 41 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 17 (0.3) | 35 (0.3) | 7 (0.3) | 19 (0.4) | |||
| p1 | 2778 (15.1) | 131 (11.0) | 966 (14.1) | 1242 (17.0) | 412 (18.8) | 1810 (15.6) | 206 (22.3) | 721 (13.9) | 1663 (16.2) | 347 (15.0) | 729 (14.1) | |||
| p2 | 1524 (8.3) | 83 (7.0) | 528 (7.7) | 647 (8.9) | 243 (11.1) | 955 (8.3) | 75 (8.1) | 462 (8.9) | 834 (8.1) | 192 (8.3) | 467 (9.1) | |||
| p3 | 3340 (18.1) | 169 (14.2) | 1233 (17.9) | 1459 (20.0) | 443 (20.2) | 2051 (17.7) | 176 (19.1) | 1093 (21.0) | 1702 (16.6) | 497 (21.5) | 1120 (21.7) | |||
| p4 | 6545 (35.5) | 465 (39.0) | 2605 (37.9) | 2640 (36.1) | 708 (32.2) | < 0.001 | 4308 (37.2) | 266 (28.9) | 1882 (36.2) | < 0.001 | 3888 (38.0) | 812 (35.1) | 1765 (34.2) | < 0.001 |
| pathologicN | ||||||||||||||
| p0 | 4964 (26.9) | 274 (23.0) | 1758 (25.6) | 2184 (29.9) | 685 (31.2) | 3149 (27.2) | 304 (33.0) | 1436 (27.6) | 2785 (27.2) | 670 (28.9) | 1434 (27.8) | |||
| p1 | 2426 (13.2) | 161 (13.5) | 905 (13.2) | 1008 (13.8) | 313 (14.3) | 1577 (13.6) | 116 (12.6) | 709 (13.6) | 1357 (13.3) | 301 (13.0) | 744 (14.4) | |||
| p2 | 2549 (13.8) | 170 (14.3) | 1018 (14.8) | 997 (13.6) | 327 (14.9) | 1639 (14.2) | 116 (12.6) | 758 (14.6) | 1448 (14.1) | 316 (13.7) | 753 (14.6) | |||
| p3 | 4045 (21.9) | 226 (18.9) | 1570 (22.9) | 1717 (23.5) | 464 (21.1) | < 0.001 | 2633 (22.7) | 175 (19.0) | 1193 (22.9) | 0.007 | 2384 (23.3) | 545 (23.5) | 1079 (20.9) | 0.018 |
| pathologicM | ||||||||||||||
| p0 | 14785 (80.2) | 899 (75.4) | 5563 (81.0) | 6176 (84.5) | 1889 (86.0) | 9438 (81.5) | 770 (83.5) | 4373 (84.1) | 8348 (81.5) | 1971 (85.1) | 4273 (82.9) | |||
| p1 | 2233 (12.1) | 203 (17.0) | 943 (13.7) | 776 (10.6) | 211 (9.6) | < 0.001 | 1460 (12.6) | 110 (11.9) | 620 (11.9) | < 0.001 | 1332 (13.0) | 231 (10.0) | 628 (12.2) | < 0.001 |
| pTNM | ||||||||||||||
| I | 3340 (18.1) | 157 (13.2) | 1155 (16.8) | 1490 (20.4) | 500 (22.8) | 2139 (18.5) | 221 (24.0) | 16 (0.3) | 1928 (18.8) | 435 (18.8) | 922 (17.9) | |||
| II | 2334 (12.7) | 137 (11.5) | 843 (12.3) | 1012 (13.8) | 320 (14.6) | 1443 (12.5) | 147 (15.9) | 922 (17.7) | 1210 (11.8) | 317 (13.7) | 782 (15.2) | |||
| III | 7712 (41.8) | 481 (40.3) | 3005 (43.7) | 3180 (43.5) | 917 (41.8) | 5009 (43.3) | 312 (33.8) | 724 (13.9) | 4456 (43.5) | 1012 (43.7) | 2165 (42.0) | |||
| IV | 2233 (12.1) | 203 (17.0) | 943 (13.7) | 776 (10.6) | 211 (9.6) | < 0.001 | 1460 (12.6) | 110 (11.9) | 2301 (44.2) | < 0.001 | 1332 (13.0) | 231 (10.0) | 628 (12.2) | < 0.001 |
| Lauren classification | ||||||||||||||
| Intestinal | 2838 (15.4) | 126 (10.6) | 988 (14.4) | 1304 (17.8) | 388 (17.7) | 1549 (13.4) | 250 (27.1) | 995 (19.1) | 1279 (12.5) | 554 (23.9) | 962 (18.7) | |||
| Diffuse | 2610 (14.2) | 154 (12.9) | 1017 (14.8) | 1095 (15.0) | 318 (14.5) | 1660 (14.3) | 181 (19.6) | 726 (14.0) | 1547 (15.1) | 342 (14.8) | 680 (13.2) | |||
| Mixed | 1799 (9.8) | 68 (5.7) | 646 (9.4) | 795 (10.9) | 271 (12.3) | < 0.001 | 1010 (8.7) | 146 (15.8) | 621 (11.9) | < 0.001 | 897 (8.8) | 295 (12.7) | 583 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
| Linitis plastica | ||||||||||||||
| No | 17321 (93.9) | 1132 (94.9) | 6611 (96.2) | 7059 (96.6) | 2115 (96.3) | 11149 (96.3) | 892 (96.8) | 5011 (96.3) | 9844 (96.1) | 2244 (96.9) | 4978 (96.6) | |||
| Yes | 181 (1.0) | 23 (1.9) | 80 (1.2) | 59 (0.8) | 16 (0.7) | 0.005 | 125 (1.1) | 9 (1.0) | 44 (0.9) | 0.55 | 117 (1.1) | 18 (0.8) | 43 (0.8) | 0.17 |
| Location | ||||||||||||||
| Proximal GC | 6704 (36.4) | 386 (32.4) | 2409 (35.1) | 2856 (39.1) | 913 (41.6) | 3870 (33.4) | 318 (34.5) | 2447 (47.0) | 3147 (30.7) | 1193 (51.5) | 2298 (44.6) | |||
| Distal GC | 9.992 (54.2) | 704 (59.0) | 3966 (57.7) | 3948 (54.0) | 1141 (52.0) | 6884 (59.5) | 517 (56.1) | 2417 (46.5) | 6354 (62.0) | 933 (40.3) | 2545 (49.4) | |||
| Total GC | 894 (4.9) | 56 (4.7) | 353 (5.1) | 355 (4.9) | 104 (4.7) | < 0.001 | 558 (4.8) | 55 (6.0) | 263 (5.1) | < 0.001 | 507 (5.0) | 127 (5.5) | 240 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
| Type of gastrectomy | ||||||||||||||
| Gastrectomy | 15204 (82.5) | 930 (78.0) | 5623 (81.8) | 6248 (85.5) | 1885 (85.8) | 9662 (83.5) | 773 (83.8) | 4278 (82.2) | 8533 (83.3) | 1961 (84.7) | 4230 (82.0) | |||
| No surgery | 3146 (17.1) | 263 (22.1) | 1246 (18.1) | 1061 (14.5) | 311 (14.2) | < 0.001 | 1916 (16.6) | 148 (16.1) | 924 (17.8) | 0.019 | 1711 (16.7) | 353 (15.3) | 926 (18.0) | 0.005 |
| Surgical margin | ||||||||||||||
| Negative | 13370 (72.5) | 791 (66.3) | 5012 (72.9) | 5650 (77.3) | 1730 (78.8) | 8623 (74.5) | 684 (74.2) | 3899 (75.0) | 7622 (74.4) | 1755 (75.8) | 3841 (74.5) | |||
| Positive | 443 (2.4) | 36 (3.0) | 163 (2.4) | 195 (2.7) | 41 (1.9) | < 0.001 | 297 (2.6) | 21 (2.3) | 120 (2.3) | 0.83 | 263 (2.6) | 67 (2.9) | 108 (2.1) | 0.067 |
| Additional therapy | ||||||||||||||
| No neo/adjuvant | 1564 (8.5) | 82 (6.9) | 520 (7.6) | 701 (9.6) | 241 (11.0) | 925 (8.0) | 128 (13.9) | 484 (9.3) | 840 (8.2) | 242 (10.5) | 456 (8.8) | |||
| Neoadjuvant | 354 (1.9) | 25 (2.1) | 158 (2.3) | 134 (1.8) | 33 (1.5) | 192 (1.7) | 43 (4.7) | 113 (2.2) | 171 (1.7) | 81 (3.5) | 97 (1.9) | |||
| Adjuvant | 4713 (25.6) | 244 (20.5) | 1743 (25.4) | 2044 (28.0) | 621 (28.3) | 3057 (26.4) | 198 (21.5) | 1383 (26.6) | 2782 (27.2) | 503 (21.7) | 1354 (26.3) | |||
| Neo + adjuvant | 613 (3.3) | 37 (3.1) | 222 (3.2) | 272 (3.7) | 77 (3.5) | < 0.001 | 353 (3.1) | 63 (6.8) | 190 (3.7) | < 0.001 | 319 (3.1) | 136 (5.9) | 154 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
- Citation: Zhao LL, Huang H, Wang Y, Wang TB, Zhou H, Ma FH, Ren H, Niu PH, Zhao DB, Chen YT. Lifestyle factors and long-term survival of gastric cancer patients: A large bidirectional cohort study from China. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(14): 1613-1627
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v26/i14/1613.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1613