Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2020; 26(14): 1564-1579
Published online Apr 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1564
Table 2 Summary of current human and experimental data on molecular, morphological and functional changes in intestinal epithelial barrier and neuromuscular compartment in metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorderMorphofunctional changes in intestinal epithelial barrierMorphofunctional changes in enteric neuromuscular compartmentRef.
Human investigations
Obesity↑ Circulating LPSNA[6]
↓ Occludin and tri-cellulin immunopositivity
↑ ZO-1
Diabetes↑ Intestinal permeability (urinary excretion of lactulose)NA[6]
Experimental models
HFD-induced obese mice↓ ZO-1, occludin and claudins↓ Nitrergic and VIPergic neurons Altered smooth muscle cell excitability[89-91,93,94,96,97]
↑ Circulating LPS↓ Enteric inhibitory neurotransmission
↑ Enteric excitatory tachykininergic neurotransmission
↑ SP immunopositivity
↑ A2B adenosine receptor expression
Lep ob/ob mice↑ Intestinal permeabilityNA[92]
Alterations of villi/crypt length
↓ TJs and mucus-related genes
Ob/ob mice↑ Paracellular permeability↓ Intestinal motor activity[95]
Altered TJs↓ ACh receptors
Delayed intestinal transit rate