Global whole family based-Helicobacter pylori eradication strategy to prevent its related diseases and gastric cancer

Table 1 Traditional and suggested Helicobacter pylori infection management strategies¹

Name of strategies	Character of the strategies and their applications
1 Test and treat1	Recommended for young patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia, but not applicable to patients with alarm symptoms or older patients
	Cost-effective or suitable only for low infection rate areas or counties
	Not suitable for high infection- and gastric cancer-prevalent areas
	Targeting H. pylori-infected individual, community or population-based
2 Screen and treat1	Recommended for patients with family history of gastric cancer, having alarm symptoms
	May not be cost-effective for low infection rate areas or counties
	Suitable for high infection- or gastric cancer-prevalent areas
	Targeting H. pylori-infected individual-, community- or population-based
3 Whole family-based	High-risk population-oriented, good patient-family compliance
	Screen, identify, treat and follow up on all H. pylori-infected individuals in the entire family
	Practical or suitable for both high and low H. pylori-infected areas or countries
	Targeting all H. pylori-infected individuals in a whole family, no need to differentiate high- or low-infection rate areas or populations, whole family-based

¹Management strategies is based upon: Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report[1]; Helicobacter pylori management in ASEAN: The Bangkok consensus report[9]; Fifth Chinese national consensus report on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection[10]; Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: 2016 revised edition[12]. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.