Copyright
©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2019; 25(5): 552-566
Published online Feb 7, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.552
Published online Feb 7, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.552
Nature of link | Evidence | Comments |
Dysbiosis | Kassinen et al[82]; Tojo et al[83]; Chassard et al[84]; Cryan et al[85] | Disturbance in the complex community of microbiota seems to influence gut-brain axis by modulating neuroendocrine, neuroimmunal and visceral sensory system. |
Altered mucosal secretions | Mazmanian et al[86]; Xue et al[87] | Secretion is modulated by complex interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors acting on gut mucosa. Dysregulation of the epithelial cells due to autonomic reactivity may lead to 5-HT release contributing to altered secretion |
Disturbance in motility | Randich et al[13]; Dass et al[88]; Barbara et al[89] | Products of metabolism of gut bacteria, such as short-chain fatty acids modulate enteric system and influence the rate of gut transit |
Visceral hypersensitivity | O'Mahony et al[22]; Akbar et al [34] | Patients with IBS have been found to have an increased concentration of pain-sensing receptors such as TPRV1 compared to the controls. |
Altered processing of visceral signals | Lemann et al[90]; Mertz et al[91] | There is increased activation of certain cerebral areas in IBS patients compared to the controls. Altered processing of the visceral pain in the central nervous system has been a recurring theme in many studies. |
Immune dysfunction | Chadwick et al[92]; Dinan et al[24]; Keely et al[93] | Patients with prolonged Infectious diarrhea are much more prone to developing IBS. Also, biopsies of patients with IBS have shown increased immune cells in the mucosa[92]. |
Psychological disturbances | Creed et al[17]; Gwee et al[94]; Drossman et al[95]; Monnikes et al[2,12] | Patients with FGIDs have co-existing psychosocial symptoms such as stress, anxiety and depression and thus a biopsychosocial model has been proposed for FGIDs |
Early life stress | O'Mahony et al[22]; Bailey et al[96] | Early life-stress can alter the composition of gut microbiota |
- Citation: Mukhtar K, Nawaz H, Abid S. Functional gastrointestinal disorders and gut-brain axis: What does the future hold? World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25(5): 552-566
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v25/i5/552.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.552