Gastric electrical stimulation: An emerging therapy for children with intractable gastroparesis

Table 3 Comparison of pediatric studies on gastric electrical stimulation

Ref.	Method	Sample Size	Duration	Findings
Islam et al[28]	Prospective study on children with chronic nausea and vomiting	9	8-42 mo	7 of the 9 patients reporting sustained improvement in symptoms and improved quality of life
Islam et al[5]	Retrospective review in children less than 18 years with diagnosis of gastroparesis	97	10 yr	A significant reduction in all individual symptoms as well as the total symptom score at 1, 6, 12, and 12 mo. Recurrence of symptoms leading to device removal occurred in 7 cases. Forty-one patients had continued improvement in symptoms for over 12 mo, with a mean follow up of 3.5 years
Lu et al[29]	Retrospective review on patients with functional dyspepsia	24	6-8 mo	Significant improvements were seen in multiple areas of the PedsQL, including stomach pain/upset, food/drink limits, heartburn/reflux, gas/bloating, patient worry, medication tolerance, and constipation
Teich et al[35]	Prospective study on children with chronic nausea and vomiting refractory to medical therapy and met ROME III criteria for functional dyspepsia	16	0.5-23 mo	Significant improvement in severity and frequency of vomiting, frequency and severity of nausea. Also showed decrease in dependence on enteral/parenteral nutrition
Elfvin et al[36]	Retrospective review on children with nausea and vomiting	3	12-40 d	Favorable response to temporary percutaneous gastric electrical stimulation with greater than 50% vomiting reduction
Hyman et al[26]	Case report on a 7 years old boy with intractable visceral pain and gastroparesis and failure to thrive	1	37 mo	Reduction in pain, retching and vomiting. Successful initiation of enteral feeds and meeting caloric requirements