Influence of bile contamination for patients who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy after biliary drainage

Table 5 Comparison of complications and immediate outcome according to the type of drainage (external or internal) after pancreaticoduodenectomy, n (%)

	Type of biliary drainage		P value
	External (n = 772)	Internal (n = 1170)
Demographics
Age (yr), median	64	62	0.025
Sex ratio (M:F)	1.97:1	1.84:1	0.99
Duration of hospital stay (d), median	30	28	0.72
Readmission	29 (3.8)	36 (3.1)	0.32
In-hospital death	15 (1.9)	27 (2.3)	0.58
Operative variables
Estimated blood loss (g), median	855	860	0.75
Duration of surgery (min), median	475	500	0.0004
Postoperative complications
Overall complications	433 (56.1)	646 (55.2)	0.7
Infectious complications	293 (38.0)	445 (38.0)	0.77
Severe complications (grade III or more)	127 (16.5)	211 (18.0)	0.35
POPF (all)	284 (36.8)	450 (38.5)	0.57
POPF (ISGPF grade B or C)	164 (21.2)	277 (19.4)	0.19
Delayed gastric emptying	97 (12.6)	166 (14.2)	0.37
Intra-abdominal bleeding	36 (4.7)	68 (5.8)	0.32

The variables were identical to those of the American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were categorized as the types of external drainage and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage was categorized as internal drainage. External drainage was performed in 772 patients (endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in 499 cases, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in 241 cases, and PTGBD in 32 cases) and internal drainage was performed in 1170 patients. POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula.