Clinical relevance of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging in decision-making regarding the treatment strategy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 2 Association between fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography detection of primary tumors and clinicopathological variables

Variable	Positive (n = 29)	Negative (n = 53)	P value
Clinical variables
Sex			0.88
Male	22	41
Female	7	12
Age (yr), mean ± SD	64.4 ± 11.3	64.8 ± 7.66	0.86
Tumor location
Upper thoracic	2	4
Middle thoracic	16	30	0.98
Lower thoracic	11	19
Circumferential extension
< 3/4	21	50	0.014
≥ 3/4	8	3
Macroscopic type
0-I	3	2
0-IIa	25	50	0.46
0-IIc	1	1
Pathological variables
Depth of tumor invasion
Tis + T1a	14	51	< 0.001
T1b	15	2
Length diameter of primary tumor (mm), mean ± SD	36.4 ± 21.87	27.2 ± 15.70	0.052
Infiltrative growth pattern
INFa	9	41	< 0.001
INFb	20	12
Histological grade
Well	4	26	0.002
Moderate+poor	25	27
Vascular invasion
Positive	11	4	0.001
Negative	18	49
Lymphatic invasion
Positive	14	5	< 0.001
Negative	15	48

SD: Standard deviation; INF: Infiltrative growth pattern.