Toxoplasma ROP16I/III ameliorated inflammatory bowel diseases via inducing M2 phenotype of macrophages

Figure 5 Cytokine expression was detected in M2 eclls and mixed M1 and M2 cells. A-C: The relative mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and Arg-1 in M2 cells was markedly upregulated in Lv-rop16_I/III-Mφ cells relative to LV-Mφ cells, while the production of cytokines was increased in mixed M1 and M2 cells relative to M1 cells. D and E: The culture supernatants were collected and analyzed by ELISA for IL-10 and TGF-β1, consistent with the result of relative mRNA. ^aP < 0.05 vs lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + Mφ; ^bP < 0.001 vs LPS + Mφ; ^cP < 0.01 vs Lv-Mφ, ^dP < 0.001 vs Lv-Mφ. Mφ: Macrophages; LV-Mφ: Lentivirus transfer into macrophages; LV-rop16_I/III-Mφ: Lentivirus-rop16_I/III transfer into macrophages.