Application of preoperative artificial neural network based on blood biomarkers and clinicopathological parameters for predicting long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer

Table 1 General clinicopathological data, n (%)

Variable	All patients (n = 1608)	Training set (n = 1104)	Testing set (n = 504)
Age (yr)
< 57	593 (36.9)	413 (37.4)	180 (35.7)
57-74	838 (52.1)	565 (51.2)	273 (54.2)
> 74	177 (11.0)	126 (11.4)	51 (10.1)
Sex
Female	412 (25.6)	299 (27.1)	113 (22.4)
Male	1196 (74.4)	805 (72.9)	391 (77.6)
BMI
< 18.5	156 (9.7)	98 (8.9)	58 (11.5)
18.5-23.5	960 (59.7)	670 (60.7)	290 (57.5)
> 23.5	492 (30.6)	336 (30.4)	156 (31.0)
CEA
< 2.8	932 (58.0)	626 (56.7)	306 (60.7)
2.8-4.8	328 (20.4)	226 (20.5)	102 (20.2)
> 4.8	348 (21.6)	252 (22.8)	96 (19.0)
CA199
< 15.0	1043 (64.9)	696 (63.0)	347 (68.8)
15.0-39.2	348 (21.6)	255 (23.1)	93 (18.5)
> 39.2	217 (13.5)	153 (13.9)	64 (12.7)
AFP
< 2	496 (30.8)	344 (31.2)	152 (30.2)
2-5.29	916 (57.0)	631 (57.2)	285 (56.5)
> 5.3	196 (12.2)	129 (11.7)	67 (13.3)
NLR
< 1.91	632 (39.3)	422 (38.2)	210 (41.7)
1.91-3.87	753 (46.8)	525 (47.6)	228 (45.2)
> 3.87	223 (13.9)	157 (14.2)	66 (13.1)
PLR
< 89.5	258 (16.0)	177 (16.0)	81 (16.1)
89.5-162.3	777 (48.3)	540 (48.9)	237 (47.0)
>162.3	573 (35.6)	387 (35.1)	186 (36.9)
AGR
< 6.59	474 (29.5)	332 (30.1)	142 (28.2)
6.59-7.81	612 (38.1)	426 (38.6)	186 (36.9)
> 7.81	522 (32.5)	346 (31.3)	176 (34.9)
PNI
< 371	495 (30.8)	347 (31.4)	148 (29.4)
371-430	771 (47.9)	531 (48.1)	240 (47.6)
> 430	342 (21.3)	226 (20.5)	116 (23.0)
ASA
I	983 (61.1)	677 (61.3)	306 (60.7)
II	561 (34.9)	379 (34.3)	182 (36.1)
III-IV	64 (4.0)	48 (4.3)	16 (3.2)
Comorbidity
No	1133 (70.5)	779 (70.6)	354 (70.2)
Yes	475 (29.5)	325 (29.4)	150 (29.8)
Primary site
Lower	671 (41.7)	476 (43.1)	195 (38.7)
Middle	350 (21.8)	231 (20.9)	119 (23.6)
Upper	401 (24.9)	257 (23.3)	144 (28.6)
Overlapping	186 (11.6)	140 (12.7)	46 (9.1)
Tumor size (mm)
< 30	578 (35.9)	404 (36.6)	174 (34.5)
30-60	711 (44.2)	477 (43.2)	234 (46.4)
> 60	319 (19.8)	223 (20.2)	96 (19.0)
cT
T1	167 (10.4)	108 (9.8)	59 (11.7)
T2	185 (11.5)	135 (12.2)	50 (9.9)
T3	429 (26.7)	292 (26.4)	137 (27.2)
T4	827 (51.4)	569 (51.5)	258 (51.2)
cN
N0	662 (41.2)	457 (41.4)	205 (40.7)
N1	376 (23.4)	257 (23.3)	119 (23.6)
N2	362 (22.5)	245 (22.2)	117 (23.2)
N3	208 (12.9)	145 (13.1)	63 (12.5)
Follow-up duration (mo)	48 (3-91)	48 (3-91)	50 (3-89)

BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-lymphocyte ratio; AGR: Albumin-globulin ratio; PNI: Prognostic nutrition index; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists; cT: Clinical T stage; cN: Clinical N stage.