Outcomes of endoscopic sphincterotomy vs open choledochotomy for common bile duct stones

Table 4 Risk factors for common bile duct stone recurrence

Variable		Recurrence, n (%)		P-value	Multivariate analysis
		No (n = 241)	Yes (n = 61)		OR (95%CI)	P-value
Age, mean ± SD, yr		57.2 ± 14.3	57.3 ± 14.1	0.974	-	-
Sex (female)		131 (54.4)	33 (54.1)	0.971	-	-
Intervention method				0.156		0.841
	OCT	102 (42.3)	32 (52.5)		Reference
	EST	139 (57.7)	29 (47.5)		0.93 (0.47-1.86)
Bile duct diameter, cm				< 0.001b		0.011b
	< 15	180 (74.7)	25 (41.0)		Reference
	≥ 15	61 (25.3)	36 (59.0)		2.72 (1.26-5.87)
Distal CBD angle ≤ 145°		78 (32.4)	37 (60.6)	< 0.001b	2.92 (1.54-5.55)	0.001b
Stone number				< 0.001b		< 0.001b
	Single	167 (69.3)	15 (24.6)		Reference
	Multiple	74 (30.7)	46 (75.4)		5.09 (2.58-10.07)
Maximum stone size, mm				0.002b		0.904
	< 20	216 (89.6)	45 (73.8)		Reference
	≥ 20	25 (10.4)	16 (26.2)		1.06 (0.43-2.63)
Mechanical lithotripsy		9 (3.7)	3 (4.9)	0.673	-	-
Bacterial cholangitis		63 (26.1)	13 (21.3)	0.438	-	-
Previous gastrectomy
	Billroth-I	6 (2.5)	1 (1.6)	0.696	-	-
	Billroth-II	6 (2.5)	3 (4.9)	0.328	-	-
Hypertension		26 (10.8)	8 (13.1)	0.608	-	-
Diabetes mellitus		17 (7.1)	1 (1.6)	0.145	0.29 (0.03-2.51)	0.261
Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD		0.7 ± 0.9	0.6 ± 0.9	0.499	-	-

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; OCT: Open choledochotomy; CBD: Common bile duct; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range.