Outcomes of endoscopic sphincterotomy vs open choledochotomy for common bile duct stones

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with common bile duct stones

Characteristic		Before matching			After matching
		EST (n = 168)	OCT (n = 134)	P-value	EST (n = 88)	OCT (n = 88)	P-value
Age at enrollment, mean ± SD, yr		57.1 ± 14.8	57.5 ± 13.5	0.799	58.6 ± 14.7	58.4 ± 13.8	0.920
Sex, male/female, n		73/95	65/69	0.381	38/50	40/48	0.762
Bile duct diameter, mean ± SD, mm		10.9 ± 4.4	14.4 ± 5.8	< 0.001b	12.4 ± 5.1	12.7 ± 4.2	0.663
Stone number, multiple/single, n		63/105	57/77	0.374	33/55	33/55	1.000
Maximum stone size, n (%)		1.0 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.7	< 0.001b	1.2 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.6	0.484
Cholangitis on admission, n (%)		42 (25.0)	34 (25.4)	0.941	23 (26.1)	22 (25.0)	0.863
	Mild	28 (16.6)	28 (20.9)	0.133	13 (14.7)	18 (20.5)	0.139
	Moderate	7 (4.2)	5 (3.7)		5 (5.7)	3 (3.4)
	Severe	7 (4.2)	1 (0.8)		5 (5.7)	1 (1.1)
Previous gastrectomy, n (%)
	Billroth-I	0	7 (5.2)	0.006b	-	-	-
	Billroth-II	0	9 (6.7)	0.005b	-	-	-
Hypertension, n (%)		19 (11.3)	15 (11.2)	0.951	12 (13.6)	11 (12.5)	0.823
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)		11 (6.5)	7 (5.2)	0.629	7 (7.9)	6 (6.8)	0.773
Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD		0.7 ± 0.9	0.8 ± 1.0	0.334	0.8 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.9	0.807
Prior cholecystectomy, n (%)		18 (10.7)	17 (12.7)	0.595	12 (13.6)	9 (10.2)	0.485
Gallbladder with stones in situ, n (%)		150 (89.3)	117 (87.3)	0.595	76 (86.4)	79 (89.8)	0.485
Preoperative biochemical parameters, median (IQR)
	T-Bil, μmol/L	18.9 (10.8-47.2)	16.6 (9.5-39.1)	0.164	16.9 (10.3-43.5)	15.4 (9.1-40.3)	0.432
	ALT, U/L	81.5 (28.8-162.0)	40.5 (18.0-96.3)	< 0.001b	56.0 (22.3-101.8)	36.5 (17.5-98.3)	0.264
	AST, U/L	47.0 (22.8-91.0)	32.0 (20.0-62.2)	0.053	37.0 (21.8-79.3)	29.0 (19.0-60.0)	0.259
	γ-GTP, U/L	162.5 (82.0-266.3)	147.0 (67.5-264.8)	0.446	131.5 (74.8-296.0)	133.0 (64.8-226.8)	0.380
	ALP, U/L	234.0 (76.0-475.5)	126.5 (65.5-313.5)	0.049a	160.5 (66.3-351.5)	121.0 (65.8-303.3)	0.642
Follow up period, median (IQR), yr		6.3 (5.4-7.3)	6.2 (5.1-7.8)	0.732	6.3 (5.2-7.3)	6.9 (5.4-8.2)	0.168

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; OCT: Open choledochotomy; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; γ-GTP: γ-glutamyl transferase; SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range.