Allicin as add-on therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Summary of included studies

Ref.	N	Participants	Diagnostic methods	Allicin group	Control group	Therapy duration	Therapies after eradication	Outcomes
Zhan et al, 2013[15]	60	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	i OR ii	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. F: 100 mg b.i.d E: 40 mg q.d. Al: 40 mg t.i.d.	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. F: 100 mg b.i.d E: 40 mg q.d.	7 d	E: 40 mg q.d. for another 3 weeks in both groups	a, b, c, d
			i Hp histology;
			ii 14C-UBT or RUT in latest 7 days before endoscopy test
Bai et al, 2008[16]	198	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	i AND ii	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. M: 400 mg b.i.d O: 20 mg b.i.d. Al: 40 mg t.i.d.	A: 1000 mg b.i.d. M: 400 mg b.i.d O: 20 mg b.i.d.	7 d	O: 20 mg b.i.d. for another 3 weeks in both groups	a, b, c
			i Histology or RUT;
			ii 14C-UBT
Wang et al, 2006[17]	61	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	i AND ii	F: 100 mg b.i.d C: 250 mg b.i.d O: 20 mg b.i.d. Al: 40 mg t.i.d.	F: 100 mg b.i.d C: 250 mg b.i.d O: 20 mg b.i.d.	7 d	O: 20 mg b.i.d. for another 3 weeks in both groups	a, b, d
			i Hp histology or RUT;
			ii 14C-UBT
Li et al, 2014[18]	86	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	14C-UBT	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. F: 100 mg b.i.d E: 40 mg q.d. Al: 40 mg t.i.d.	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. F: 100mg b.i.d E: 40 mg q.d.	7 d	E: 40 mg q.d. for another 4 weeks in both groups	a, b, c, d
Kochar et al, 2001[19]	60	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	Hp histology	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. C: 500 mg b.i.d La: 10 mg b.i.d. Al: 1.2 mg q.d.	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. C: 500 mg b.i.d La: 10 mg b.i.d.	14 d	None	a, d
Guan et al, 2017[20]	90	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	14C-UBT	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. F: 100 mg b.i.d E: 40 mg q.d. Al: 40 mg t.i.d.	Am: 1000 mg b.i.d. F: 100 mg b.i.d E: 40 mg q.d.	7 d	E: 40 mg q.d. for another 3 weeks in both groups	a, b, c, d
Zhao et al, 2015[21]	92	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	14C-UBT	T: 500 mg b.i.d. C: 500 mg b.i.d I: 5 mg b.i.d. B: 220 mg t.i.d. Al: 40 mg t.i.d.	T: 500 mg b.i.d. C: 500 mg b.i.d I: 5 mg b.i.d. B: 220 mg t.i.d.	7 d	I: 5 mg b.i.d. for another 3 weeks in both groups	a, b, d, e
Chen et al, 2016[22]	220	Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcer	14C-UBT	T: 500 mg b.i.d. C: 500 mg b.i.d I: 5 mg b.i.d. B: 220 mg t.i.d. Al: 40 mg t.i.d.	T: 500 mg b.i.d. C: 500 mg b.i.d I: 5 mg b.i.d. B: 220 mg t.i.d.	7 d	Al: 40 mg t.i.d. and I: 5 mg b.i.d. for another 3 weeks in both groups	a, b, c, e

N: Number of participants; Hp: Helicobacter pylori; Am: Amoxicillin; F: Furazolidone; E: Esomeprazole; C: Clarithromycin; T: Tinidazole; O: Omeprazole; La: Lansoprazole; Le: Levofloxacin; I: Ilaprazole; R: Rabeprazole; B: Bismuth potassium citrate tablets; Al: Allicin; RUT: Rapid urease test;

¹⁴C-UBT: ¹⁴C-urea breath test; q.d.: Once daily; b.i.d.: Twice daily; t.i.d.: Thrice daily; a: Eradication rate; b: Healing rate of peptic ulcers; c: Total remission rate of peptic ulcers; d: Side effect rates; e: Disappearance time of abdominal pain.