Recurrence and survival after surgery for pancreatic cancer with or without acute pancreatitis

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Parameters	AP (n = 21)	No AP (n = 198)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	55.6 ± 16.4	61.2 ± 10.5	0.137
Male, n (%)	13 (61.9)	128 (64.6)	0.803
Cause of acute pancreatitis n (%)
ERCP	5 (23.8)
Alcoholic	9 (42.9)
Unknown	8 (33.3)
Time to surgery (d), mean ± SD	41.4 ± 10.7	10.8 ± 5.8	< 0.001
Tumor site, (head) n (%)	14 (66.7)	149 (75.3)	0.391
Positive lymph nodes, n (%)	9 (42.9)	82 (41.4)	0.898
TNM Stage, n (%)			1.000
I	2 (9.5)	18 (9.1)
II	19 (90.5)	180 (90.9)
Surgical margin (R1), n (%)	2 (9.5)	13 (6.6)	0.955
Perineural invasion, n (%)	5 (23.8)	65 (32.8)	0.399
Vascular invasion, n (%)	2 (9.5)	20 (10.1)	1.000
Differentiation, n (%)			0.283
Well	0 (0.0)	12 (6.1)
Moderate	16 (76.2)	145 (73.2)
Poor	5 (23.8)	41 (20.7)
Medical complications n (%)	7 (33.3)	59 (29.8)	0.737
Pancreatic fstula n (%)
biochemical leak	3 (14.3)	10 (5.1)	0.223
Grade B/C	3 (14.3)	9 (4.5)	0.174
Grade B	2 (9.5)	7 (3.5)	0.461
Grade C	1 (4.8)	2 (1.0)	0.675
Adjuvant Chemotherapy, n (%)	7 (33.3)	49 (24.7)	0.391
Early recurrence, n (%)	15/21 (71.4)	68/165 (41.2)	0.009
DFS, median (95%CI)	8.4 (6.7-10.1)	14.6 (10.7-18.5)	0.007
OS, median (95%CI)	14.9 (12.5-17.3)	22.3 (17.9-26.7)	< 0.001

TNM: Tumor node metastasis; DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; AP: Acute pancreatitis; SD: Standard deviation; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.