Long-term outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma that underwent chemoembolization for bridging or downstaging

Table 2 Patients demographics

Variable	Group		Total (n = 200)	P value
	Downstaging (n = 64)	Bridging (n = 136)
Gender (Male), n (%)	53 (82.8)	112 (82.4)	165 (82.5)	0.936
Age (yr) (mean ± SD, range)	57.6 ± 6.9 (41-71)	58.2 ± 8.8 (27-77)	58.0 ± 8.2 (27-77)	0.6261
Etiology, n (%)				0.0692
Hepatitis B	7 (10.9)	5 (3.7)	12 (6.0)
Hepatitis C	43 (67.2)	78 (57.4)	121 (60.5)
Hepatitis B/C	1 (1.6)	6 (4.4)	7 (3.5)
Alcohol	6 (9.4)	26 (19.1)	32 (16.0)
Alcohol/Hepatitis	2 (3.1)	2 (1.5)	4 (2.0)
Other	5 (7.8)	19 (14.0)	24 (12.0)
Child-Pugh score, n (%)				0.2442
A (5-6)	24 (41.4)	72 (53.7)	96 (50.0)
B (7-9)	30 (51.7)	52 (38.8)	82 (42.7)
C (10-15)	4 (6.9)	10 (7.5)	14 (7.3)
MELD, mean ± SD	13 (7-28)	11 (6-23)	12 (6-28)	0.0553
AFP (ng/dL) (mean ± SD, range)	12.3 (0.9-22.411)	10.1 (0.6-12.784)	11.0 (0.6-22.411)	0.3353
Coagulopathy, n (%)				0.095
No	41 (64.1)	70 (51.5)	111 (55.5)
Yes	23 (35.9)	66 (48.5)	89 (44.5)
Thrombocytopenia, n (%)				0.297
No	27 (42.2)	47 (34.6)	74 (37.0)
Yes	37 (57.8)	89 (65.4)	126 (63.0)
HCC multifocal, n (%)				< 0.001
Single tumor	14 (21.9)	89 (65.4)	103 (51.5)
Multinodular	50 (78.1)	47 (34.6)	97 (48.5)
Number of nodules (mean ± SD, range)	2 (1-9)	1 (1-3)	1 (1-9)	< 0.0013
Maximal tumor diameter (mean ± SD, range)	8.09 ± 2.75 (4.6-17.2)	3.75 ± 1.20 (1.4-7.5)	5.14 ± 2.74 (1.4-17.2)	< 0.0011
Pseudocapsule, n (%)				0.118
No	9 (17.0)	30 (28.3)	39 (24.5)
Yes	44 (83)	76 (71.7)	120 (75.5)
Vascular lake phenomenon, n (%)				< 0.001
No	42 (65.6)	119 (87.5)	161 (80.5)
Yes	22 (34.4)	17 (12.5)	39 (19.5)

Chi-squared test.

¹Student’s t test;

²Likelihood ratio test;

³Mann-Whitney test. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease.