Short-term efficacy of robotic and laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy via Huang's three-step maneuver for advanced upper gastric cancer: Results from a propensity score-matched study

Table 4 Short-term operative outcomes and postoperative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification

Variable	RSPSHL (n = 35)	%	LSPSHL (n = 140)	%	P-value
Time to ambulation, d1	2.4 ± 0.9		2.1 ± 1.0		0.107
Flatus passage, d1	3.2 ± 0.9		3.5 ± 1.3		0.199
Liquid diet, d1	4.8 ± 1.1		5.4 ± 1.7		0.049
Soft diet, d1	7.0 ± 2.4		7.5 ± 1.5		0.125
Drain removal, d1	9.2 ± 2.1		9.6 ± 2.0		0.296
Nasojejunal tube removal, d1	3.9 ± 1.6		4.8 ± 2.5		0.044
LOS, d1	14.7 ± 13.4		14.4 ± 11.5		0.894
Overall complications	5	14.3	25	17.9	0.616
Grade I–II	3	8.6	17	12.1	0.632
Anastomotic fistula	2	5.7	3	2.1
Digestive hemorrhage	-		1	0.7
Lymphatic fistula	-		6	4.3
Intestinal obstruction	-		1	0.7
Intraperitoneal infection	1	2.9	4	2.9
Wound infection	-		1	0.7
Fat liquefaction	-		1	0.7
Grade III-IV	2	5.7	8	5.7	1
Anastomotic fistula	-		1	0.7
Digestive hemorrhage	1	2.9	3	2.1
Lymphatic fistula	-		2	1.4
Intestinal obstruction	-		1	0.7
Intraperitoneal infection	1	2.9	1	0.7
30-day mortality	0		0
In-hospital mortality	0		0

¹Values are the mean ± SD. The most severe complication was noted in the cases in which more than one complication occurred in a patient. RSPSHL: Robotic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy; LSPSHL: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy; LOS: Length of stay.