Short-term efficacy of robotic and laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy via Huang's three-step maneuver for advanced upper gastric cancer: Results from a propensity score-matched study

Table 2 Operative outcomes after propensity score matching

Variable	RSPSHL (n = 35)	%	LSPSHL (n = 140)	%	P-value
Total operative time, min1	221.3 ± 40.3		189.1 ± 43.8		<0.001
Docking time, min2	30 (26-34)		-
OR time, min1	186.0 ± 35.3		189.1 ± 43.8		0.698
EBL, mL1	13.7 ± 4.3		62.4 ± 29.3		<0.001
SHDT, min1	20.4 ± 4.5		24.1 ± 8.9		0.018
First step, min1	8.4 ± 3.5		8.7 ± 4.0		0.685
Second step, min1	6.7 ± 2.6		9.8 ± 5.6		0.002
Third step, min1	5.2 ± 2.1		5.6 ± 3.0		0.458
SHBL, mL1	2.2 ± 1.9		10.0 ± 4.5		<0.001
No. of SGVs1	3.5 ± 1.2		3.6 ± 1.1		0.637
No. of PGAs (yes)	22	62.9	81	57.9	0.591
No. of SUPAs (yes)	4	11.4	20	14.3	0.870
No. of SLPAs (yes)	1	2.9	7	5	0.928
Terminal branches of SpA					0.754
Concentrated type	23	65.7	88	62.9
Distributed type	12	34.3	52	37.1
Splenic injury	3	8.6	19	13.6	0.608
Vascular injury	7	20	17	12.1	0.350
No.10 metastatic LN	4	11.4	15	10.7	0.855
No.10 retrieved LN1	3.1 ± 1.4		3.3 ± 2.5		0.650
Total retrieved LNs1	37.8 ± 13.1		40.6 ± 13.6		0.274

¹Values are the mean ± SD.

²Values are medians (IQR). Operative total time = Docking time + operation time. RSPSHL: Robotic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy; LSPSHL: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy; OR time: Operation time; EBL: Estimated blood loss; SHDT: Splenic hilar dissection time; SHBL: Splenic hilar blood loss; SGV: Short gastric vessel; PGA: Post-gastric artery; SUPA: Splenic upper pole artery; SLPA: Splenic lower pole artery; SpA: Splenic artery.