Short-term efficacy of robotic and laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy via Huang's three-step maneuver for advanced upper gastric cancer: Results from a propensity score-matched study

Table 1 General clinical and pathological data of patients

Variable	All patients					Propensity score matching
	RSPSHL		LSPSHL		P-value	RSPSHL		LSPSHL		P-value
	(n = 35)	%	(n = 608)	%		(n = 35)	%	(n = 140)	%
Age, yr1	55.3 ± 10.4		56.9 ± 10.6		0.424	55.3 ± 10.4		55.1 ± 11.5		0.925
Sex					0.345					0.615
Female	6	17.1	156	25.7		6	17.1	17	12.1
Male	29	82.9	452	74.3		29	82.9	123	87.9
BMI, kg/m2[1]	23.0 ± 2.7		22.2 ± 3.0		0.152	23.0 ± 2.7		23.1 ± 3.0		0.858
ASA score					0.014					0.944
I	4	11.4	186	30.6		4	11.4	19	13.6
II	28	80.0	401	65.9		28	80.0	109	77.8
III	3	8.6	21	3.5		3	8.6	12	8.6
cT classification					0.037					0.211
T2	10	28.6	100	16.4		10	28.6	22	15.7
T3	15	42.9	207	34.1		15	42.9	69	49.3
T4a	10	28.6	301	49.5		10	28.6	49	35.0
cN classification					0.483					0.541
N0	13	37.1	212	34.8		13	37.1	57	40.7
N1	14	40.0	187	30.6		14	40.0	39	27.9
N2	4	11.4	122	20.0		4	11.4	21	15.0
N3	4	11.4	89	14.6		4	11.4	23	16.4
cTNM stage					0.094					0.137
IB	2	5.7	55	9.0		2	5.7	13	9.3
IIA	7	20.0	106	17.4		7	20.0	18	12.9
IIB	13	37.1	104	17.1		13	37.1	31	22.1
IIIA	7	20.0	137	22.5		7	20.0	22	15.7
IIIB	3	8.6	109	17.9		3	8.6	29	20.7
IIIC	3	8.6	97	16.0		3	8.6	27	19.3
Depth of invasion					0.201					0.617
pT1a	5	14.3	31	5.1		5	14.3	10	7.1
pT1b	4	11.4	52	8.6		4	11.4	24	17.1
pT2	2	5.7	55	9		2	5.7	10	7.1
pT3	16	45.7	283	46.5		16	45.7	57	40.7
pT4a	8	22.9	187	30.8		8	22.9	39	27.9
Metastatic LNs					0.308					0.649
N0	16	45.7	194	31.9		16	45.7	54	38.6
N1	6	17.1	174	28.7		6	17.1	20	14.3
N2	6	17.1	120	19.7		6	17.1	23	16.4
N3	7	20.0	120	19.7		7	20.0	43	30.7
pTNM stage					0.038					0.102
IA	7	20.0	44	7.2		7	20.0	29	20.7
IB	3	8.6	45	7.4		3	8.6	8	5.7
IIA	6	17.1	91	15.0		6	17.1	23	16.4
IIB	6	17.1	93	15.3		6	17.1	16	11.4
IIIA	6	17.1	122	20.1		6	17.1	8	5.7
IIIB	2	5.7	149	24.5		2	5.7	31	22.1
IIIC	5	14.3	64	10.5		5	14.3	25	17.9
Charlson score					0.467					0.132
0	25	71.5	439	72.2		25	71.5	90	64.3
1	6	17.1	129	21.2		6	17.1	43	30.7
≥2	4	11.4	40	6.6		4	11.4	7	5.0
Primary site					0.458					0.335
Upper	21	60.0	402	66.1		21	60.0	96	68.6
Middle	14	40.0	206	33.9		14	40.0	44	31.4

¹Values are expressed as the mean ± SD. RSPSHL: Robotic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy; LSPSHL: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; LN: Lymph node.