Sexual health and fertility for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 2 Summary of the major causes of infertility in the general population and a few specific situations related to inflammatory bowel disease

Women	Men
General risk factors:
Age: High fertility rate around 25 yr, then gradually reduce and more quickly after 35 yr	General risk factors:
	High age
	Tobacco
	Addiction and lead poisoning
Tobacco
Ovulation disorders: Obesity or thinness/hyperprolactinaemia/polycystic ovary syndrome/hypothalamic amenorrhoea, etc	Oligoasthenoteratospermia (the most common cause for male infertility)
	Sulfasalazine
	Azoospermia (hypogonadism induced or blockages)
Diseases with chronic inflammation
	Sulfasalazine
Mechanical obstruction:
Tubal obstruction (frequent cause after a salpingitis or endometriosis)
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis by laparotomy, Crohn’s disease with severe pelvic inflammation with or without prior surgery
Uterine malformation, uterine synechiae or endometriosis
Cervical stenosis