Overlay of a sponge soaked with ropivacaine and multisite infiltration analgesia result in faster recovery after laparoscopic hepatectomy

Figure 1 Visual analog scale scores for pain at rest and pain on movement, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate during the first 48 h after surgery. A: Visual analog scale score at rest; B: Visual analog scale score on movement; C: Mean arterial pressure; D: Heart rate. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.0001. VAS: Visual analog scale; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; HR: Heart rate.