Overlay of a sponge soaked with ropivacaine and multisite infiltration analgesia result in faster recovery after laparoscopic hepatectomy

Table 3 The levels of stress hormones, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol, and cumulative sufentanil consumption during the first 48 h after the operation

Stress hormone	0 h	24 h	48 h
Epinephrine
Ropivacaine group	58.05 ± 19.614	76.48 ± 23.884	81.58 ± 24.529
Control group	57.60 ± 17.608	94.29 ± 28.439	100.89 ± 27.413
t	0.141	-3.959	-4.333
P-value	0.8879	0.0001	<0.0001
95%CI	[-5.876, 6.780]	[-26.707, -8.913]	[-28.131, -10.498]
Norepinephrine
Ropivacaine group	220.57 ± 27.623	252.01 ± 29.539	270.68 ± 30.792
Control group	222.52 ± 27.907	296.90 ± 32.601	322.12 ± 34.942
t	-0.409	-8.421	-9.116
P-value	0.6831	<0.0001	<0.0001
95%CI	[-11.367, 7.470]	[-55.441, -34.351]	[-62.602, -40.280]
Cortisol
Ropivacaine group	325.82 ± 29.790	365.06 ± 35.820	417.79 ± 36.971
Control group	320.74 ± 34.618	393.82 ± 37.302	438.14 ± 40.814
t	0.918	-4.586	-3.048
P-value	0.3600	<0.0001	0.0028
95%CI	[-5.862, 16.025]	[-41.158, -16.356]	[-33.544, -7.145]

CI: Confidence interval.