Positron-emission tomography for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future prospects

Table 1 Positron emission tomography for intrahepatic or extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma

Isotopes	Half-life	Radiotr-acer	Year	First author	No. of patients	Study design	Intrahepatic		Extrahepatic		Related notable findings
							Sensiti-vity	Specifi-city	Sensiti-vity	Specifi-city
18F	110 min	18F-FDG	2019	Lee et al[11]	-	Review	0.36-0.70	NA	NA	NA	18F-FDG PET has demonstr-ated a higher sensitivity for detecting extrahepa-tic metastasis compared to primary HCC
			2012	Hossein Jadvar[29]		Review	NA	0.91	NA	NA
			2012	Lin et al[89]		Meta-analysis	NA	NA	0.77	0.98
		18F-FCH	2014	Bieze et al[21]	30	Prospective; single-center	0.88	1.0	1.0	1.0	18F-FCH shows additional value in the assessment of intra- and extrahepa-tic diseases
11C	20 min	11C-ACT	2009	Hwang et al[27]	13	Prospective	0.83	NA	0.77	NA	11C increases the sensitivity in the detection of HCC lesions of more than 10 mm
		11C-CHOL	2016	Castilla-Lièvre et al[71]	28	Prospective; single-center	0.67	NA	NA	NA	Combining 18F-FDG with 11C-CHOL could be useful for clinicians in the manage-ment of HCC patients

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; NA: Not available;

¹⁸F-FDG: 2-deoxy-2-(¹⁸F)fluoro-D-glucose; ¹⁸F-FCH: ¹⁸F-fluorocholine;

¹¹C-ACT: 11C-acetate; ¹¹C-CHOL: ¹¹C-choline.