Optimal timing and route of nutritional support after esophagectomy: A review of the literature

Table 2 Recommended indications for jejunostomy tube placement during esophagectomy

Preoperatively Identified

Dysphagia unrelated to esophageal disease

Elderly

Frailty

High risk for pulmonary complications (i.e., active smoker, preoperative comorbidity)

Preoperative malnutrition

Severe preoperative comorbidity (COPD, renal failure, cirrhosis)

Vocal cord palsy

Intraoperatively Identified

Conversion to open procedure

Intraoperative hemodynamic instability

Questionable esophageal conduit viability

Severe intraoperative complication

Significant operative blood loss

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.