Optimal timing and route of nutritional support after esophagectomy: A review of the literature

Table 1 Literature review of comparative trials on oral feeding after esophagectomy

Authors/year	Design	Procedures	n	Diets	POD PO started	Results
Mahmoodzadeh 2015[20]	RCT	Open Ivor-Lewis, gastrectomy	109	EOF vs DOF	1 vs ROBF	Fewer rehospitalizations and decreased ROBF with EOF
Sun 2015[22]	RCT	MIE McKeown	68	EOF vs DJF	1 vs 7	Faster gastric emptying, ROBF with EOF
Lassen 2008[19]	RCT	Gastrectomy, pancreatectomy, hepatectomy, esophagectomy	447	EOF vs DJF	1 vs 6	No difference in morbidity between EOF, DJF
Giacopuzzi 2017[50]	Prospective cohort	Open or MIE Ivor-Lewis, McKeown	52	ETF vs DTF	1 vs 6	Earlier mobilization and removal of drains with ETF pathway
Weijs 2015[25]	Prospective cohort	MIE Ivor-Lewis	100	EJF, ETF vs DJF, DTF	0 vs 4-7	No difference in complications
Lopes 2018[21]	Retrospective	Open esophagectomy, gastrectomy	161	EOF vs DJF	2 vs 5-7	No difference in complications
Speicher 2018[30]	Retrospective	Open transhiatal	203	EOF vs DJF	3 vs 15	Decreased cervical leak rate with DJF
Eberhard 2017[28]	Retrospective	Open or MIE Ivor-Lewis	359	ETF vs DTF	2 vs 7	Fewer severe complications and leaks with DTF
Bolton 2014[29]	Retrospective	Open or MIE transhiatal	120	EJF vs DJF	7 vs 12	Decreased cervical leak rate with DJF

MIE: Minimally invasive esophagectomy; EOF: Early oral feeding alone; ETF: Early oral feeding with supplemental total parenteral nutrition; EJF: Early oral feeding with supplemental tube feeding; DOF: Delayed oral feeding alone; DTF: Delayed oral feeding with supplemental total parenteral nutrition; DJF: Delayed oral feeding with supplemental tube feeding; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ROBF: Return of bowel function.