Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis: Beyond the known frontiers

Table 2 Main studies on the outcome of radiotherapy alone or combined with other treatments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and different portal vein tumor thrombosis grades

First author, year	Patients (patients)	Treatment	PVTT Class (Vp)	Response rate	Survival rate(yr)	Mean survival time(mo)
Tazawa, 2001	24	RT (50 Gy)+TACE	Vp3,4	50%	NA	9.7 mo
Yamada, 2001	8	RT (30 Gy)	Vp3	37.5%	NA	NA
Ishikura, 2002	20	TACE+RT (50 Gy)	Vp3	50%	25% (1-yr)	5.3 mo
Yamada K, 2003	19	TACE and 3D-RT (30Gy)	Vp3	57.9%	40.6%(1-yr), 10.2% (2-yr)	7 mo
Nakagawa, 2005	52	3D-CRT (39-60 Gy)	Vp2,3,4	NA	5.1% (5-yr)	NA
Kim DY, 2005	59	3D-CRT (39-70.2 Gy)	Vp3,4	45.8%	20.7% (2-yr)	10.7 mo
Hata, 2005	12	Proton-beam therapy (50-72 Gy)	Vp3,4	100%	88% (2-yr) 58% (5-yr)	27 mo
Lin CS, 2006	43	3D-CRT (21patients) Conventional Rtp (22 patients)	Vp3,4	83% 75%	NA NA	6.7 mo 6.0 mo
Hsu WC, 2006	53	3D-CRT+thalidomide	Vp3,4	50%	84.8% (6mo), 60.0% (1-yr), 44.6% (2-yr)	24.0 mo
Nakazawa, 2007	32	RT	Vp3-4, Vv2-3	48%	38.0% (1-yr), 20.7% (2-yr)	10.0 mo
Toya, 2007	38	3D-CRT (23.4-59.5 Gy)	Vp NA	44.7%	39.4% (1-yr)	9.6 mo (OS)
Shirai, 2009	26	3D-CRT using SPECT	Vp3,4	30.7%	30% (2-yr)	10.3 mo
Kang, 2013	101	RT+TACE TACE+RT	Vp NA	70.3%	A) 58.8% (1-yr), 29.4% (2-yr) B) 54.1% (1-yr), 27.0% (2-yr)	17 mo 15 mo
Nakazawa, 2014	97	3D-CRT (30-56 Gy)	Vp3,4	45%	NA	10.9 mo
Lee, 2014	46	3D-CRT (35-60 Gy)	Vp3,4	32.6%	66.8% (1-yr)	NA

3D-CRT: Conformal radiotherapy; Gy: Gray; NA: Not available; PVE: Portal vein embolization; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombosis; RT: Radiotherapy; SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization.