Beneficial effects of nutritional supplements on intestinal epithelial barrier functions in experimental colitis models in vivo

Table 2 Nutritional supplements tested in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis

Product	Active compound	Animals	Effects on barrier function	Ref.
Citrus fruit peels	Nobiletin	Rats	Decreases FITC-dextran permeability Reduces MLCK and NF-κB and PI3K expression Decreases Akt phospho-rylation	[94]
Rhododendron	Farrerol	Mice	Upregulates ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin genes	[95]
Garnedia jasminoides	Geniposide	Rats	Increases expression of ZO-1 and occludin Decreases FITC-Dextran permeability Decreases MLCK activity and increases AMPK phosphorylation	[96]
Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Mangifera indica L	Neomangiferin	Mice	Increases expression of ZO/1, claudin-1 and occludin	[97]
Ziziphus jujuba	Sarcocarp polysaccharides	Rats	Decreases Evans blue permeability Increases expression of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-4 Decreases AMPK activity	[98]
Dietary fiber	Sodium butyrate	Mice	Decreases FITC-Dextran permeability Upregulation of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin genes	[100]
Schistosoma japonicum	Ova	Mice	Increases expression of ZO-1 and occludin Upregulation of ZO-1 and occludin genes	[101]

ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-ĸB