Honokiol-enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against cholangiocarcinoma cells mediated by dendritic cells pulsed with damage-associated molecular patterns

Figure 5 Type I cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-12 production. Autologous T lymphocytes were cocultured either with unloaded or loaded tumour cell lysates or tumour cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated CCA cells for 1-5 days before measurement of cytokines. Levels of interferon-γ (A) and interleukin-12 (B) in conditioned medium were analysed by ELISA. Results are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant; ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 and ^cP < 0.001. DCs: Dendritic cells; HOK: Honokiol; TCL: Tumour cell lysate.