Honokiol-enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against cholangiocarcinoma cells mediated by dendritic cells pulsed with damage-associated molecular patterns

Figure 4 Honokiol-derived tumour cell lysates pulsed dendritic cells significantly stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation. KKU-213L5 cells were pretreated with honokiol or left untreated before they were lysed and loaded into dendritic cells (DCs). T lymphocytes were stimulated with different types of DCs (unpulsed, pulsed with tumour cell lysates and pulsed with honokiol-derived tumour cell lysates) at 1:10 ratios for 5 d. Lymphocyte number was reflected by direct counting (A) and relative lymphocyte proliferation (B). T lymphocytes cultured alone were set as control and all experiments were performed in triplicate. Results are shown as mean ± SD, A P value < 0.05 was considered significant; ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 and ^cP < 0.001. DCs: Dendritic cells; HOK: Honokiol; TCL: Tumour cell lysate.