Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes

Figure 2 A 53-year-old man with pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome who received contrast-enhanced computed tomography. A: Image of plain phase. The imaging signs included hepatomegaly, ascites (white star), heterogeneous hypodensity (white arrow); B and C: Image of equilibrium phase. Gallbladder wall thickening (white arrow, B), patchy liver enhancement, “claw-shaped” enhancement surrounding hepatic veins (white arrow, C), obscuring of hepatic main veins; D: Sagittal images. Stenosis of hepatic segmental inferior vena cava (white arrow) was indicated.