Bioartificial liver support systems for acute liver failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical and preclinical literature

Table 2 Outcomes and adverse events after treating by bioartificial liver support system in clinical trials

ID	Treating time	Bridgingtime	OLT /total		SR of OLT	SR of no OLT	Recovery without OLT	Follow-up time	Hemodynamics	Liver and renal function	Hematologic and coagulation	Encephalopathy index	Neurologic	Adverse events	PERV test
1	1.6 × 6 h	24 h	7/7		100%	NA	NA	NR	Stable	Decreased: ammonia; transaminases	Decreased: Fibrinogen	Improved	Decreased: ICP Increased: CPP	None	NR
2	2.1 × 6 h	45.3 h	16/18		100%	50%	1	NR	Stable	Decreased: ammonia; ALB; transaminases; bilirubin; BUN; creatinine Increased: glucose	Not improved	Improved	Decreased: ICP; Increased: CPP; GCS; CLOCS	Transient hypotension	NR
	1.6 × 6 h	83.0 h	3/3		100%	NA	NA	NR	Stable	Decreased: transaminases; bilirubin; ALB Increased: glucose	Not improved	Not improved	Not improved
3	1.8 × 6 h	38.6 h	14/15		100%	100%	1	2-62 m	Stable	Decreased: ammonia; bilirubin; transaminases; ALB; BUN; creatinine; Increased: Glucose	Not improved	Improved	Decreased: ICP; Increased: CLOCS	None	Negative (5 y)
	1.7 × 6 h	21 h-8 d	3/3		100%	NA	NA	2-62 m	Stable	Not improved	Not improved	Improved	Not improved
4	1.9 × 6 h	46 h	10/10		80%	NA	NA	24.5m	Stable	Decreased: bilirubin; transaminases	Decreased: Platelets; Fibrinogen	Improved	Increased: GCS; CLOCS	Bleeding; transitory hypotension	Negative
5	52.6 h	40.8 h	4/11		100%	14%	1	10 d	Stable	Improved	NR	Improved	Improved	Transitory hypotension	NA
6	50.8 h	50.8 h	5/5		80%	NA	NA	30 d	Stable	Improved	NR	Not improved	Not improved	None	NA
7	18.9 h	NR	6/7		100%	100%	1	18 m	Stable	Decreased: bilirubin; ammonia	NR	NR	Improved	Transitory hypotension	Negative -18 m
8	35 h	35 h	1/1		100%	NA	NA	15 m	Stable	Decreased: bilirubin; ammonia; lactate	Not improved	NR	Improved	NR	Negative 12 m
9	1.7 × 6 h	39.3 h	12/12		100%	NR	NR	NR	Stable	Decreased: bilirubin; ammonia; transaminases; Increased: glucose	Not improved	Improved	Decreased: ICP; Increased: CPP; CLOCS	None	NR
10	27.3 h	NR	8/8		100%	NR	NR	3y	Stable	Decreased: bilirubin; ALB	Decreased: platelets	Improved	NA	Decreased body temperature	Negative 3 y
11	79 h	79 h	1/1		100%	NR	NR	1y	Stable	Decreased: lactate; BUN; creatinine	Improved	Improved	Improved	Decreased body temperature	NA
12	12 h	7 d	NA1	NA1		NA1	NA1	7d	Stable	Decreased: lactate; ammonia; transaminases	Improved	NR	Not improved	Hypoglycemia	NR
13	11.7 h	11.7 h	6/7		83%	0%	0	NA	Stable	Decreased: bilirubin; transaminase; ammonia; lactate; urea	Improved	NR	Improved	None	Negative 180 d
14	1.1 × 6 h	NR	NA2	NA2		NR	NR	1 m	Stable	Decreased: bilirubin; transaminase; ammonia	Improved	NR	Improved	None	NR
15	2.9 × 6 h	NR	3/8		100%	100%	5	NR	Stable	Decreased: ammonia; bilirubin; transaminases; BUN; creatinine	Improved	Improved	Decreased: ICP Increased: CLOCS	None	NR
16	NR	NR	2/6		100%	75%	3	NR	NR	Decreased: ammonia	Not improved	NR	Improved	Coagulopathy pneumonia, sepsis, and diseased progression	Negative
17	72 (3-168) h	NR	2/9 vs 2/83		50% vs 50%3	6/7 vs 5/63	6 vs 53	NR	Stable	Decreased ammonia	Improved	NR	NR	Tachypnoeic; tachycardic; pyrexial; disseminated intravascular coagulation	NA
			1/3 vs 1/43		100% vs 100%3	0% vs 0%3	0 vs 03
18	17.4 h	5 d vs 3 d	45/85 vs 49/863		89% vs 80%3	50% vs 38%3	20 vs 143	30 d	Stable	Decreased bilirubin	Not improved	NR	Not improved	None	Negative 12 m

¹Suitable liver was available for OLTx during that time.

²Simultaneous HBAL 1/7 died; nonsimultaneous HBAL 2/5 died.

³Intervention vs control. NA: Not applicable; NR: Not reported; SR: Survival rate; OLT: Orthotopic liver transplantation; ALB: Albumin; BUN: Blood urea nitroge; ICP: Intracranial pressure; CPP: Cerebral perfusion pressure; GCS: Glasgow coma score; CLOCS: Comprehensive level of consciousness score; PERV: Porcine endogenous retrovirus.