Raddeanin A promotes apoptosis and ameliorates 5-fluorouracil resistance in cholangiocarcinoma cells

Figure 1 Effects of raddeanin A on cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (n = 3 independent experiments). A: Increasing concentrations of raddeanin A (RA) were administered to cholangiocarcinoma cell lines for 24 h before being analyzed by the ATPlite assay. The percentage cell viability normalized to control is shown and data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; B: The half-maximal effective concentration and the half-maximal lethal concentration values for cholangiocarcinoma cell lines treated with RA. RA: Raddeanin A; EC50: Half-maximal effective concentration; LC50: Half-maximal lethal concentration.