International normalized ratio and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score predict short-term outcome in cirrhotic patients after the resolution of hepatic encephalopathy

Table 4 Characteristics of survivors and non-survivors at 6 mo¹

Variable	Survivors	Non-survivors	P-value
	(n = 179)	(n = 34)
Age (yr), mean (SD)	57 (11)	57 (11)	0.927
Gender (male), n (%)	130 (73)	23 (68)	0.554
Etiology, n (%)			0.743
HBV	95 (53)	21 (62)
HCV	12 (7)	1 (3)
Alcohol	29 (16)	5 (15)
Other	43 (24)	7 (21)
Comorbidity, n (%)	61 (34)	7 (21)	0.122
Diabetes, n (%)	46 (26)	6 (18)	0.316
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	4 (21)	2 (6)	0.239
Hypertension, n (%)	21 (12)	3 (9)	0.623
Charlson comorbidity score, mean (SD)	3.6 (1.2)	3.8 (1.3)	0.286
Albumin (g/L), mean (SD)2	30 (4)	30 (4)	0.204
Total bilirubin (μmol/L), mean (SD)2	42 (44)	76 (100)	0.061
WBC (×109/L), mean (SD)2	3.8 (1.9)	4.0 (2.5)	0.546
Serum sodium (mmol/L), mean (SD)2	139 (5)	137 (3)	0.017
Serum potassium (mmol/L), mean (SD)2	3.9 (0.5)	3.9 (0.5)	0.677
SCr (μmol/L), mean (SD)2	82 (97)	98 (79)	0.390
PTA (%), mean (SD)2	53 (16)	47 (19)	0.068
INR, mean (SD)2	1.7 (0.4)	2.0 (0.8)	0.012
Hb (g/L), mean (SD)2	94 (20)	84 (18)	0.007
PLT (×109/L), mean (SD)2	87 (67)	88 (73)	0.937
Ascites, n (%)2	16 (9)	5 (15)	0.301
HRS during hospital stay, n (%)2	2 (1)	2 (6)	0.061
AKI during hospital stay, n (%)2	0 (0)	1 (3)	0.021
ACLF during hospital stay, n (%)2	7 (4)	2 (6)	0.600
MELD score, mean (SD)2	13 (6)	12 (6)	0.006
Length of hospital stay (d), mean (SD)2	15.8 (13.0)	17.0 (12.5)	0.621
Artificial liver use, n (%)2	2 (1)	2 (6)	0.061
Anti-HE treatment course (d), mean (SD)2	11 (8)	10 (6)	0.646
Preventing HE with medications post discharge, n (%)	112 (63)	18 (53)	0.291
Progression to HCC, n (%)	18 (10)	9 (26)	0.008
Early readmission, n (%)	47 (26)	18 (53)	0.002

¹ Patients lost to follow-up or transplanted were excluded from this analysis;

² Variables collected at discharge. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AKI: Acute kidney injury; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; Hb: Hemoglobin; HRS: Hepatorenal syndrome; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease; PTA: Prothrombin activity; PLT: Platelets; SCr: Serum creatinine; WBC: White blood cells.