International normalized ratio and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score predict short-term outcome in cirrhotic patients after the resolution of hepatic encephalopathy

Table 1 Characteristics of whole population and comparison between patients readmitted early or not

Variable	Whole population	Readmitted	Non-readmitted	P-value
	(n = 213)	(n = 65)	(n = 148)
Age (yr), mean (SD)	57 (11)	56 (11)	57 (10)	0.536
Gender (male)	153 (72)	44 (68)	109 (74)	0.374
Etiology, n (%)				0.946
HBV	116 (54)	37 (57)	79 (53)
HCV	13 (6)	4 (6)	9 (6)
Alcohol	34 (16)	9 (14)	25 (17)
Other	50 (23)	15 (23)	35 (24)
Comorbidity, n (%)	68 (32)	15 (23)	53 (36)	0.066
Diabetes, n (%)	52 (24)	12 (18)	40 (27)	0.180
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	6 (3)	1 (2)	5 (3)	0.455
Hypertension, n (%)	24 (11)	5 (8)	19 (13)	0.274
Charlson comorbidity score, mean (SD)	3.6 (1.2)	3.6 (1.3)	3.6 (1.2)	0.936
Albumin (g/L), mean (SD)1	30 (4)	30 (3)	30 (4)	0.454
Total bilirubin (μmol/L), mean (SD)1	48 (58)	57 (75)	44 (48)	0.214
WBC (×109/L), mean (SD)1	3.8 (2.0)	3.9 (1.8)	3.8 (2.1)	0.895
Serum sodium (mmol/L), mean (SD)1	139.0 (4.6)	138.0 (3.5)	139.0 (5.0)	0.576
Serum potassium (mmol/L), mean (SD)1	3.9 (0.5)	3.9 (0.5)	3.9 (0.5)	0.786
SCr (μmol/L), mean (SD)1	85 (95)	95 (157)	80 (45)	0.441
PTA (%), mean (SD)1	52 (17)	47 (17)	55 (16)	0.001
INR, mean (SD)1	1.7 (0.5)	1.9 (0.6)	1.6 (0.5)	0.001
Hb (g/L), mean (SD)1	92 (20)	85 (15)	95 (21)	0.001
PLT (×109/L), mean (SD)1	87 (68)	94 (71)	84 (67)	0.350
Ascites, n (%)1	21 (10)	11 (17)	10 (7)	0.022
HRS during hospital stay, n (%)1	4 (2)	2 (3)	2 (1)	0.393
AKI during hospital stay, n (%)1	1 (0.5)	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	0.507
ACLF during hospital stay, n (%)1	9 (4)	2 (3)	7 (5)	0.581
MELD score, mean (SD)1	12.9 (5.8)	12.7 (5.2)	13.0 (6.0)	0.719
Length of hospital stay (d), mean (SD)1	16 (13)	15 (13)	16 (13)	0.646
Artificial liver use, n (%)1	4 (2)	2 (3)	2 (1)	0.393
Anti-HE treatment course (d), mean (SD)1	11 (8)	12 (9)	10 (7)	0.159
Preventing HE with medications post discharge, n (%)	130 (61)	40 (62)	90 (61)	0.920
Progression to HCC, n (%)	27 (13)	8 (12)	19 (13)	0.915

¹ Variables collected at discharge. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AKI: Acute kidney injury; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; Hb: Hemoglobin; HRS: Hepatorenal syndrome; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease; PTA: Prothrombin activity; PLT: Platelets; SCr: Serum creatinine; WBC: White blood cells.