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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2019; 25(25): 3168-3182
Published online Jul 7, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3168
Table 1 Prevalence of hepatitis E in different population groups
CountryPopulationSample sizeMethodanti-HEVHEV RNA (%)/genotype (subtype)Ref.
AlbaniaRefugees in Greece (pregnant women)500EIA2%1NTMalamitsi-Puchner et al[16]
Refugees in Greece (adult population)350EIA/IB4.85%1NTDalekos et al[17]
General populationNDNDIgG 9.7%NTAdhami et al[18]
Thalassemic childrenNDNDIgG 0%NT
Patients with chronic liver disease109EIA36.6%1NTKondili et al[19]
Patients with no apparent liver disease190EIA12.1%1NT
BulgariaPatients with symptoms of acute hepatitis806EIAIgM/IgG 2.48%NTBaymakova et al[23]
Hospitalized patients with clinical symptoms of hepatitis and outpatients with laboratory data of liver dysfunction325EIAIgM 13.2%NTStoykova et al25]
IgG 20.9%NT
Patients with acute hepatitis E (IgM positive)105RT-PCRNTG3 98% (3e 62%; 3f 24%; 3c 13%); G1 2%Bruni et al[26]
Patients conducting ambulatory examination due to various reasons741EIAIgM/IgG 1.48%Teoharov et al[27]
IgG 9.04%
CroatiaPatients with clinical symptoms of hepatitis negative for HAV/HBV/HCV504EIA/IB/RT-PCRIgM/IgG 10.7%IgM positive 35.7%Đaković Rode et al[31]
HIV-infected patients88EIA/IBIgG 1.1%NT
Liver transplant recipients242EIAIgG 24.5%NTMrzljak et al[32]
Alcohol abusers56EIA/IBIgG 8.9%NTVilibic-Cavlek et al[33]
Patients with PTSD35EIA/IBIgG 8.1%NT
Injecting drug users49EIA/IBIgG 6.1%NT
Persons with risk sexual behaviour37EIA/IBIgG 0%NT
Forest workers37EIA/IBIgG 8.1%NTJeličić et al[34]
Healthcare workers50EIA/IBIgG 2.0%NTJeličić et al[34]
Pregnant women68EIA/IBIgG 2.9%NTJeličić et al[35]
Hunters25EIA/IBIgG 4.0%NTJeličić et al[35]
General population87EIA/IBIgG 3.4%NTJeličić et al[34]
Blood donors1036EIA/IB EIAIgM 1.7% IgG 20.3%NTMiletic Lovric et al[36]
GreeceTransplant patients76RT-PCRNT1 positive/1.3% G3Sinakos et al[45]
Transfusion dependent thalassaemia96EIAIgG 0%0%Klonizakis et al[44]
Blood donors1 200EIAIgG 2.9%NTZervou et al[49]
HIV patients243EIAIgG 7.3%NTPolitou et al[48]
Blood donors (South Greece)265EIAIgG 9.43NTPittaras et al[47]
Patients after open-heart surgery204EIAIgG 5.4%NTZervou et al[43]
Patients on haemodialysis351EIAIgG 4.8%NTStefanidis et al[46]
Non-A,-B hepatitis patients198EIA/RT-PCRIgG 7.6% IgM 1%1 positivePsichogiou et al[42]
Healthy controls316EIA/RT-PCRIgM 0%/IgG 2.2%NT
Epirus regionHealthy blood donors2636EIA/IBIgG 0.23%NTDalekos et al[17]
Refugees from southern Albania350EIA/IBIgG 4.85%NT
Children165EIA/IBIgG 0%NT
Injecting drug users65EIA/IBIgG 0%NT
Multiply transfused patients62EIA/IBIgG 0%NT
Patients with chronic viral hepatitis75EIA/IBIgG 5.30%NT
Chronic haemodialysis patients149EIA/IBIgG 1.34%NT
Agrinion areaHealthy blood donors380EIA/IBIgG 0.53%NT
Chronic hemodialysis patients62EIA/IBIgG 9.7%NT
KosovoKosovar refugees104EIA/RT-PCRIgM 7.7%0%Rey et al[56]
MontenegroPatients with acute viral hepatitis400EIAIgM 6%NTTerzić et al[57]
RomaniaPatients with hepatitis B or C25EIAIgG 12%NTAnita et al[59]
Students40EIAIgG 12.5%NTVoiculescu et al[60]
Doctors and nurses93EIAIgG 13.98%NTVoiculescu et al[60]
Persons undergoing routine hematological tests148EIAIgG 14.86%NTAnita et al[61]
General population67EIAIgG 5.9%NTSavuta G et al[62]
SerbiaBlood donors200EIA RT-PCRIgG 15%0%Petrović et al[66]
SloveniaAcute/recent hepatitis E (IgM antibodies)10RT-PCRNT3/10 (G3e and G1)Steyer et al[74]