Hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic advances in signaling, epigenetic and immune targets

Table 2 Summary of classification schemes of hepatocellular carcinoma (modified from[119])

First author	Lee et al[120]	Boyault et al[121]	Chiang et al[122]	Hoshida et al[123]	Désert et al[124]	TCGA network[117]
Year	2004	2006	2008	2009	2017	2017
HCC cases	91	56	91	232	1133	559
Number of subgroups	2	6	5	3	4	3
Names of classes	Cluster A/B	G1-G6	CTNNB1-proliferation	S1-S3	PP, PV, ECM, STEM	iCluster1-iCluster3
Major applied technology for molecular profiling
Transcriptomics	X	X	X	X	X	X
Genetic Mutations		X				X
Copy number alterations			X			X
Metabolomics					X
Epigenomics		X (CDH1 and CDKN2A)				X
Proteomics						X
Major HCC Classes with clinic-pathological features and high mutation rates
Proliferative phenotype
Poor outcome	A	G1, G2, G3	Proliferation	S1 + S2	ECM + STEM	iCluster 1 + 3
High AFP
Moderate to poor differentiation
P53
Non-proliferative phenotype
Good to moderate outcome	B	G5, G6	CTNNB1	S3	PP + PV	iCluster 2
Low AFP
CTNNB1

ECM: Extracellular matrix; PP: Periportal; PV: Perivenous; STEM: Stem/progenitor cells; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.