Recent advances in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in Billroth II gastrectomy patients: A systematic review

Table 5 Subgroup analysis according to the sphincter management methods

	EST	EST+EPBD	EPBD	EPLBD
	(n = 1478)	(n = 598)	(n = 246)	(n = 171)
1Clinical success, n (%)	1268 (85.8)	546 (91.3)	214 (87.0)	160 (93.6)
Adverse events, n (%)	103 (7.0)	38 (6.4)	21 (8.5)	10 (5.8)
Bowel perforation, n (%)	51 (3.5)	8 (1.3)	5 (2.0)	3 (1.8)
Post-ERCP pancreatitis, n (%)	18 (1.2)	22 (3.7)	16 (6.5)	4 (2.3)
Bleeding, n (%)	25 (1.7)	8 (1.3)	-	3 (1.8)
Mortality, n (%)	9 (0.6)		-	-

¹Clinical success was defined as the achievement of the planned therapeutic goals including bile duct stone clearance, endobiliary biopsy, biliary stent or nasobiliary catheter insertion. The number of patients is much decreased because three studies, unavailable sphincter management information, were excluded from the subgroup analysis. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; EPLBD: Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation.