Biomarkers and subtypes of deranged lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease subtype classification

NAFLD subtype	Characteristics	Mouse model-based classification	Treatments tested
M-Subtype	Increased fatty acid uptake.	Mat1a KO[37]	SAMe
	Low liver glutathione and SAMe content.	0.1MCD[59]	Aramchol
	Reduced synthesis of PC-PUFA.
	Abnormal VLDL-TG assembly and export.
Non-M-Subtype	Increased DNL.	Ldlr KO/HFD[68]	Obeticholic acid
	Normal hepatic SAMe levels.
	Normal VLDL-TG secretion.
	High serum levels of cholesterol and TG.

NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SAMe: S-adenosylmethionine; PC-PUFA: Phosphatidylcholines containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; VLDL-TG: Very low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides; DNL: de novo lipogenesis; KO: Knockout; MCD: Methionine and choline deficient.