Increased risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Variable, n (%)	IBD group	Control group	P value	CD group	Control group	P value	UC group	Control group	P value
Number	37696	113088		12349	37047		25347	76041
Men	22985 (61.0)	68955 (61.0)	1	8679 (70.3)	26037 (70.3)	1	14306 (56.4)	42918 (56.4)	1
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	39.4 ± 16.4	39.42 ± 16.4	1	30.4 ± 14.2	30.36 ± 14.23	1	43.8 ± 15.6	43.8 ± 15.6	1
< 30	12184 (32.3)	36552 (32.3)	1	7080 (57.3)	21240 (57.3)	1	5104 (20.1)	15312 (20.1)	1
30-44	11459 (30.4)	34377 (30.4)		3354 (27.2)	10062 (27.2)		8105 (32.0)	24315 (32.0)
45-59	9158 (24.3)	27474 (24.3)		1292 (10.5)	3876 (10.5)		7866 (31.0)	23598 (31.0)
≥ 60	4895 (13.0)	14685 (13.0)		623 (5.0)	1869 (5.0)		4272 (16.9)	12816 (16.9)
Urban residence	19006 (50.4)	52913 (46.8)	< 0.001	6317 (51.2)	17416 (47.0)	< 0.001	12689 (50.1)	35497 (46.7)	< 0.001
Low income	7444 (19.8)	26338 (23.3)	< 0.001	2609 (21.1)	8535 (23.0)	< 0.001	4835 (19.1)	17803 (23.4)	< 0.001
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	1483 (3.9)	5306 (4.7)	< 0.001	260 (2.1)	782 (2.1)	0.97	1223 (4.8)	4524 (6.0)	< 0.001
Hypertension	4098 (10.9)	13732 (12.1)	< 0.001	595 (4.8)	2097 (5.7)	0.000	3503 (13.8)	11635 (15.3)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	2527 (6.7)	7929 (7.0)	0.042	361 (2.9)	1250 (3.4)	0.015	2166 (8.6)	6679 (8.8)	0.245
IHD	1557 (4.1)	3559 (3.2)	< 0.001	348 (2.8)	552 (1.5)	< 0.001	1209 (4.8)	3007 (4.0)	< 0.001
Thromboembolism	115 (0.3)	236 (0.2)	< 0.001	37 (0.3)	34 (0.1)	< 0.001	78 (0.3)	202 (0.3)	0.269
ESRD	107 (0.3)	180 (0.2)	< 0.001	48 (0.4)	40 (0.1)	< 0.001	59 (0.2)	140 (0.2)	0.130
Hyperthyroidism	750 (2.0)	1248 (1.1)	< 0.001	224 (1.8)	264 (0.7)	< 0.001	526 (2.1)	984 (1.3)	< 0.001
Medications
Immunomodulators	10199 (27.1)	0	< 0.001	6895 (55.8)	0	< 0.001	3304 (13.0)	0	< 0.001
Steroids	21606 (57.3)	0	< 0.001	7241 (58.6)	0	< 0.001	14365 (56.7)	0	< 0.001
Biological agents	2075 (5.5)	0	< 0.001	1641 (13.3)	0	< 0.001	434 (1.7)	0	< 0.001
Follow-up duration (yr)	4.9 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.3		4.9 ± 1.3	4.8 ± 1.3		4.9 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.3

Values have been expressed as mean ± SD or number of patients (%) as relevant. Follow-up duration is expressed in years. CD: Crohn’s disease; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; IHD: Ischemic heart disease; SD: Standard deviation; UC: Ulcerative colitis.