Novel risk scoring system for prediction of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula and non-clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula groups, n (%)

Variable	non-CR-POPF (n = 237)	CR-POPF (n = 61)	P-value
Age (yr)	61.8 ± 10.1	62.2 ± 9.4	0.804
Sex			0.095
Male	135 (57.0)	41 (67.2)
Female	102 (43.0)	20 (32.8)
Surgery			0.445
PD	123 (51.9)	35 (57.4)
PPPD	114 (48.1)	26 (42.6)
BMI (kg/m2)	22.0 ± 2.9	22.5 ± 2.8	0.352
Diabetes mellitus			0.351
Yes	42 (17.7)	14 (23.0)
No	195 (82.3)	47 (77.0)
Location of tumor			0.131
Pancreas	130 (54.9)	40 (65.6)
Non-pancreas	107 (45.1)	21 (34.4)
Pathologic type			0.428
Benign	13 (5.5)	5 (8.2)
Malignant	224 (94.5)	56 (91.8)
Preoperative STB (μmol/L)	106.0 ± 120.0	132.8 ± 120.9	0.221
Preoperative pre-albumin (mg/L)	143.1 ± 56.2	133.7 ± 60.7	0.364
Preoperative serum albumin (g/L)	39.1 ± 5.4	35.9 ± 6.3	0.002
Preoperative serum globulin (g/L)	26.9 ± 4.3	27.2 ± 3.3	0.675
Preoperative hemoglobin (g/L)	122.1 ± 18.3	118.6 ± 25.2	0.339
Preoperative white blood cells (109/L)	7.0 ± 8.9	6.7 ± 2.1	0.833
Preoperative platelets (109/L)	236.3 ± 83.5	223.2 ± 54.1	0.358
Pancreatic texture			< 0.001
Soft	80 (33.8)	50 (82.0)
Hard	157 (66.2)	11 (18.0)
Main pancreatic duct diameter (mm)	3.2 ± 1.0	2.6±0.7	0.001
Biliary tract compression	31 (13.1)	7 (11.5)	0.738
Pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis			0.201
Duct-to-mucosa	180 (75.9)	51 (83.6)
Dunking method	57 (24.1)	10 (16.4)
Pancreatic duct stent			0.052
Internal stent	99 (41.8)	36 (59.0)
External stent	88 (37.1)	15 (24.6)
None	50 (21.1)	10 (16.4)
Vascular invasion			0.272
Yes	40 (16.9)	14 (23.0)
No	197 (83.1)	47 (77.0)
Operative time (min)	267.9 ± 68.7	275.9 ± 76.9	0.531
Estimated blood loss (mL)	287.4 ± 229.3	451.3 ± 365.1	0.001
Serum albumin POD 1 (g/L)	33.03 ± 5.2	32.9 ± 5.9	0.918
Serum globulin on POD 1 (g/L)	23.5 ± 11.9	23.0 ± 4.9	0.832
Hemoglobin on POD 1 (g/L)	111.2 ± 17.3	114.9 ± 14.3	0.236

CR-POPF: Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula; BMI: Body mass index; PD: Pan-creaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; POD: Postoperative day; STB: Serum total bilirubin.