Optimizing radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 On-going clinical trials for combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor and radiation

NCT number	Institution	Phase	Disease	Intervention	Estimated enrollment	Primary endpoint
NCT03482102	United States (MGH)	II	Locally advanced/ unresectable or metastatic disease HCC or biliary tract cancer	Experimental: Tremelimumab + Durvalumab + EBRT	70	Best overall response rate
NCT03203304	United States (UCh)	I	HCC	SBRT Nivolumab → +/- ipilimumab + SBRT (8 Gy × 5)	50	Number of participants with adverse events
NCT03316872	Canada (UHN)	II	HCC showing progression after sorafenib	Pembrolizumab + SBRT	30	Overall response rate
NCT03812562	United States (NU)	I	HCC intended to be resected	90Y SIRT → Nivolumab	12	Recurrence rate
NCT03033446	Singapore (NCC)	II	HCC not suitable for resection or transplant	90Y SIRT → Nivolumab	40	Response rate
NCT02837029	United States (NU)	I/Ib	HCC stage IIIA - IVB	90Y SIRT → Nivolumab	35	Maximum tolerated dose
NCT03099564	United States (UNC)	I	HCC	90Y SIRT + Pembrolizumab	30	Progression-free survival

MGH: Massachusetts General Hospital; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; EBRT: External beam radiotherapy; UCh: University of Chicago; SBRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy; UHN: University Health Network; NU: Northwestern University; SIRT: Selective internal radiation therapy; NCC: National Cancer Center; UNC: University of North Carolina.