Adverse events related to colonoscopy: Global trends and future challenges

Table 3 Summary of calculated incidence rates for bleeding related to colonoscopy from recent studies with sample sizes > 50,000 cases n (%)

Ref.	Duration of enrollment	Study design (data source)	Publication year	Country	Colonoscopies performed	Bleeding
Sieg et al[27]	1998-1999	Prospective study	2001	Germany	82416	1 (0.001)
Rabeneck et al[77]	2002-2003	Population-based cohort study	2008	Canada	97091	137 (0.141)
Bokemeyer et al[45]	2003-2006	Study based on German online registry	2009	Germany	269144	442 (0.164)
Crispin et al[46]	2006	Study based on compulsory health insurance (CHI)	2009	Germany	236087	520 (0.220)
Warren et al[47]	2001-2005	Population-based, matched cohort study	2009	United States	53220	340 (0.639)
Rabeneck et al[78]	2002-2003	Population-based cohort study	2011	Canada	67632	83 (0.123)
Pox et al[30]	2003-2008	Prospective cross-sectional study	2012	Germany	2821392	573 (0.020)
Blotière et al[29]	2010	Study based on comprehensive French health insurance data (SNIIRAM)	2014	France	947061	933 (0.099)
Rutter et al[52]	2006-2012	Study based on English National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NHSBCSP)	2014	United Kingdom	130831	291 (0.222)
Zafar et al[48]	2007-2008	Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant study	2014	United States	54039	371 (0.687)