Adverse events related to colonoscopy: Global trends and future challenges

Table 1 Summary of calculated incidence rates for perforations related to colonoscopy from recent studies with sample sizes > 50,000 cases n (%)

Ref.	Duration of enrollment	Study design (data source)	Publication year	Country	Colonoscopies performed	Perforation rate (%)
Sieg et al[27]	1998-1999	Prospective study	2001	Germany	82416	4 (0.005)
Iqbal et al[76]	1994-2000	Retrospective study	2005	United States	78702	72 (0.084)
Rabeneck et al[77]	2002-2003	Population-based cohort study	2008	Canada	97091	54 (0.056)
Iqbal et al[13]	1980-2006	Retrospective review	2008	United States	258248	180 (0.070)
Bokemeyer et al[45]	2003-2006	Study based on German online registry	2009	Germany	269144	55 (0.020)
Crispin et al[45]	2006	Study based on compulsory health insurance (CHI)	2009	Germany	236087	69 (0.029)
Warren et al[47]	2001-2005	Population-based, matched cohort study.	2009	United States	53220	33 (0.062)
Arora et al[72]	1995-2005	Population-based cohort study	2009	United States	277434	228 (0.082)
Rabeneck et al[78]	2002-2003	Population-based cohort study	2011	Canada	67632	37 (0.055)
Pox et al[30]	2003-2008	Prospective cross-sectional study	2012	Germany	2821392	439 (0.016)
Hamdani et al[73]	2002-2010	Retrospective cross-sectional study	2013	United States	80118	50 (0.062)
Samalavicius et al[79]	2007-2011	Retrospective multicenter study	2013	Lithuania	56882	40 (0.070)
Blotière et al[29]	2010	Study based on comprehensive French health insurance data (SNIIRAM)	2014	France	947061	424 (0.045)
Rutter et al[52]	2006-2012	Study based on English National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NHSBCSP)	2014	United Kingdom	130831	20 (0.015)
Zafar et al[48]	2007-2008	Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant study	2014	United States	54039	46 (0.085)
Bielawska et al[16]	2000-2011	Prospectively collected data from the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (CORI) National Endoscopic Database	2014	Canada	1144900	192 (0.017)
Shi et al[34]	2000-2012	Retrospective study	2014	China	110785	14 (0.012)