Prevention of overuse: A view on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Table 2 Description of studies using a clinical assessment strategy to reduce upper gastrointestinal endoscopies

Study	Country	Sample	Strategy	Effect on UGIE referrals
Rutter et al[30], 1998	United Kingdom	485 visits	Patient assessment in one-stop dyspepsia clinic	Cancelled: 6%
Mourad et al[31], 1998	United Kingdom	272 visits	Patient assessment in one-stop dyspepsia clinic	Cancelled: 14%
Baldasarre et al[32], 2016	Italy	5192 referrals	Assessment of referral letters and biomarker panel for atrophic gastritis	Cancelled: 10%
Pelitari et al[33], 2017	United Kingdom	14,245 patients	Virtual assessment system to decide on best pathway for dyspeptic patients	32% no face-to-face appointment (not UGIE specific)
Horowitz et al[34], 2007	Israel	138 patients	Decision tree for symptom management, based on presenting symptoms	Reduction: 35%

UGIE: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.