Current status, problems, and perspectives of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research

Table 4 Dysbiosis in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/ non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Ref.	Patients	Changes in microbiota	Related phenotypic changes
Boursier et al[94]	F0/1 NAFLD 30 (NASH 10), ≥ F2 NAFLD 27 (NASH 25)	Bacteroides↑ in NASH, Ruminococcus↑ in ≥ F2	Not assessed
Da Silva et al[95]	NAFLD 39 (NASH 24, NAFL 15); healthy control 28	Lactobacillus↑, Lactobacillaceae↑, Bacteroidetes↓, Firmicutes↓, Ruminococcus↓, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii↓, Coprococcus↓ in NAFLD compared to control; no differences between NASH and NAFL	Fecal propionate↑, isobutyric acid↑, Serum 2-hydroxy-butyrate↑, L-lactate↑ in NAFLD
Rau et al[96]	NAFLD 32 (NASH 18, NAFL 14); healthy control 27	Fusobacteria↑, Fusobacteriaceae↑ in NASH compared to NAFL and control	Fecal propionate↑, acetate↑, Treg↓ in NASH

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.